Patent Drafting

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 Pre requisites
 Technical knowledge of science till graduate
level.
 Structure of patent
 Worksheet no 18

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 Steps to draft patent
Step 1 : Concentrate and focus

Step 2 : Mark the important points while

reading- prior art , novelty points.

Step 3 : Try to understand that patent is solving

which past problem.

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 Refer to worksheet
The invention relates to an electric
incandescent lamp in which a tungsten
filament is arranged in a bulb which is BASIC
STRUCTURE OF
pervious to light, the bulb containing, in
INSTRUMENT
addition to an inert filling gas, a reactive
transport gas the object of which is to
prevent blackening of the bulb during
burning by means of a regenerative
cyclic process in which the tungsten
which evaporates from the filament is
converted into a volatile compound
which decomposes in the proximity of
or on the filament
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 Refer to worksheet
In such a lamp the wall of the
bulb is not blackened and PRIOR ART
the filament experiences no
loss of weight. The basic idea
of a regenerative cycle to
prevent Weakening of the
bulb of an incandescent
lamp is already rather old

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 Refer to worksheet
For example, a lamp has already been
described which contains chlorine,
bromine, or iodine as a transport gas and PROBLEMS IN
in which such a regenerative cycle was said PRIOR ART
to take place. However, in said Lamp all
metal components other than the
filament, for example, supports and
current supply wires and the
comparatively cold ends of the filament
had to be protected against the aggressive
transport gas. In practice the protection of
the said colder parts of the filament and of
the other metal parts has proved to be a
substantially insurmountable difficulty.
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 Refer to worksheet
When using iodine as the transport gas this
requirement can rather easily be fulfilled
structurally. 'When using iodine the construction PROBLEMS IN
of the lamp must be such that the comparatively PRIOR ART-
cold parts of tungsten during burning assume a PROBLEMS
temperature above approximately 800°C and the ASSOCIATED
wall of the hull) assumes a temperature above
WITH USE OF
approximately 250°C. This can be realized with a
IODINE.
cylindrical bulb of quartz in which a filament of
tungsten is arranged in the axis of the cylinder.
Such a lamp has a greater efficiency expressed in
lumenlwatt than normal incandescent lamps
have, while the quantity of lumen! watt remains
the same or substantially the same during the
whole life of the lamp.
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 Refer to worksheet
When iodine is replaced by chlorine
which chemically is far more active
PROBLEMS IN
under otherwise the same PRIOR ART-
conditions, attack of the PROBLEMS
comparatively cold tungsten parts in ASSOCIATED
the lamp occurs to a strong extent. WITH USE OF
CHORINE
In this case, tungsten crystals are
formed in the form of dentrites at
the ends of the filament and at the
points where same is supported, so
in the proximity of the
comparatively Bold places.
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 Refer to worksheet
In order to mitigate the dosing difficulties it has
already been proposed to fill lamps with
hydrogen. iodide (HI) which at room PROBLEMS IN
temperature is a gas. Since quartz is PRIOR ART-
considerably permeable to hydrogen already PROBLEMS
at a temperature of 300°C the hydrogen ASSOCIATED
would disappear from the lamp wholly or WITH USE OF
substantially wholly in the long run during HYDROGEN
burning of the lamp. The same effect would +IODINE
occur when the lamp is filled with hydrogen
chloride. After some time a so-called
tungsten-chlorine cycle would be obtained
which., however, has the disadvantageous
properties already described.
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 PROBLEMS IN PRIOR ART
USE OF CHOLRINE- ×

USE OF IODINE-×

USE OF HYDROGEN + IODINE-×

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 Refer to worksheet
According to the invention this may
be achieved by a lamp which is
characterized in that during burning NOVELTY
a mixture of chlorine, hydrogen and
hydrogen chloride is present in the
lamp, the construction of the lamp
also being such that a variation by
loss of hydrogen of the hydrogen-
chlorine ratio in the gas mixture
which is detrimental to the life of
the lamp prevented during the life.
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 Refer to worksheet
The best results are obtained
when the ratio in gram
atoms between chlorine and NOVELTY
hydrogen in the gas mixtures
lies between 4:5 and 5:4.

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 Refer to worksheet
From the experiments which
resulted in the invention it has
been found, that optimum results NOVELTY
have _been obtained when at the
beginning of the life of the lamp
the lamp contains per cm' of bulb
capacity between 0.35x10-4
and 1.00X10 -6 gramatoms of
hydrogen and 0.35 x 10-4 and
1.00x10---41 of chlorine as such
or in the form of a compound,
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 Refer to worksheet
it is to be preferred to
construct the lamp so that
the wall of the bulb during NOVELTY
burning reaches a
temperature of
approximately 350°C pr
higher. Structurally this can
easily be realized

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 Refer to worksheet
The bulb may also be
manufactured from a -type
of quartz which is less NOVELTY
permeable to hydrogen than
is melted silicon dioxide.
Alternatively, highmelting-
point types of glass which do
not pass hydrogen could be
used
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 Claims
1. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a tungsten filament in
a bulb which is pervious to light, the bulb containing, in addition
to an inert filling gas, also a reactive transport gas, characterized
in that during burning a mixture of hydrogen chloride, chlorine
and hydrogen Is present in the lamp, the construction of the
lamp being such that a variation of the chlorine-hydrogen ratio
in the gas mixture by loss of hydrogen which is detrimental to
the life of the lamp is prevented during the life.

2. An incandescent lamp as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in

that the construction is such that the wall of the bulb during
burning of the lamp reaches a temperature of at least 350°C.

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 Claims
3. An incandescent lamp as claimed in Claim 1,
characterized in that the ratio between chlorine and
hydrogen in the mixture in gram atoms lies between
4:5 and 5:4.
4. An incandescent lamp as claimed in Claim 3,
characterized in that at the beginning of the life the
_lamp contains per cm' of bulb capacity between 035
X 10--5 and 1.00x /0 —e gram atoms of hydrogen
and between 0.35X10-4 and 1.00 X 10 -5 gram atoms
of chlorine as such or bit the form of a compound.
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 Claims
5. An incandescent lamp as claimed in Claim 1,
characterized in that the bulb consists of
quartz or a material which is Less permeable
to hydrogen than quartz, the lamp being
surrounded by an outer bulb consisting of a
material which does not pass hydrogen and is
permeable to light, the intermediate space
between the inner bulb and the outer bulb
being filled with hydrogen.
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 THANKS

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