Powerpath Foundations: Emc Global Education

PowerPath Foundations
EMC Global Education

© 2004 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Audio Portion of this Course
 The AUDIO portion of this course is supplemental to

the material and is not a replacement for the student
notes accompanying this course.
 EMC recommends downloading the Student Resource
Guide (from the Supporting Materials tab) and reading
the notes in their entirety.
EMC Global Education 2

EMC Technology Foundations
 EMC Technology Foundations (ETF) is a curriculum that presents

overviews of EMC products and technologies including:
– Symmetrix and CLARiiON Storage Platforms and Software
– SAN, NAS and CAS Networked Storage Solutions
– Advanced storage management software
 The EMC Technology portfolio consists of end-to-end services and
platforms designed to accelerate the implementation of Information
Lifecycle Management (ILM)
 ILM uses EMC technologies to enable organizations to better, and
more cost-effectively, manage and protect their data, and achieve
regulatory compliance. It improves the availability of their business
information in a way that connects its use to business goals and
service levels
 This course represents one part of the ETF curriculum

PowerPath Foundations
After completing this course, you will be able to:

 Discuss the features and benefits of PowerPath in a
server environment
 Explain how PowerPath achieves transparent
recovery
 List the environments that PowerPath supports
 Describe the management functions available using
the GUI and CLI interface
 Discuss recent PowerPath enhancements

PowerPath - Introduction
 Server based software

– Most Unix Hosts
Components
– NT/W2K Host Applications
Host
EMC2 PowerPath
 Each Logical Volume
can be configured with up to 32 Device Layer
paths from the storage system to
the host
– Automatic and non-disruptive path
failover eliminates HBA, cable,
channel director or ESN
Symmetrix
component as single point of
failure and CLARiiON
– Automatic load balancing over all
available paths can improve
performance

PowerPath Features
 Automatic path failover

 Dynamic load balancing
 Automatic detect and restore of failed components
 Online configuration and management
 Common HBA driver support across Symmetrix and
CLARiiON

PowerPath Features
 Write throttling
 Consistency Group support (Symmetrix only)
 Logical Volume Manager

Path Fault without PowerPath
 In most environments,
a host will have Host Application(s)
multiple paths to the
SERVER
Storage System
SD SD SD SD SCSI
 Volumes are spread Driver
across all available
paths HBA HBA HBA HBA Host Bus
Adapter
 Each volume has a
single path
 Host adapter and
cable connections are Interconnect
single points of failure
STORAGE
Topology
 Work load not
balanced between all
paths
Storage

PowerPath Configuration
 All Volumes are

Host Application(s)
accessible
SERVER
through all paths PowerPath
 Applications SD SD SD SD SCSI
Driver
direct I/O to
HBA HBA HBA HBA Host Bus
PowerPath Adapter
 PowerPath
directs I/O to
Interconnect
optimal path
STORAGE
Topology
based on
current workload
and path
availability Storage

Transparent Recovery with PowerPath
 If a host adapter,
cable, or channel Host Application(s)
director/Storage
SERVER
Processor fails, the PowerPath
device driver returns SCSI
a timeout to SD SD SD SD
Driver
PowerPath
HBA HBA HBA HBA Host Bus
 PowerPath responds Adapter
by taking the path
offline and re-driving
I/O through an Interconnect
alternate path
STORAGE
Topology
 Subsequent I/Os use
surviving path(s)
 Application is
unaware of failure Storage

I/O without PowerPath
Queues Out of Balance
 I/O performance is Host Application(s)

partially based on
queue length
Request Request
 Optimal performance
cannot be achieved Request Request Request
unless work is
balanced SERVER Request Request Request
 I/O workload across
HBAs is seldom SD SD SD SD SCSI
balanced Driver
 At any point in time, Host Bus

HBA HBA HBA HBA
some paths may be Adapter
idle while other paths
have multiple I/O Storage
operations queued
I/O with PowerPath
Queues in Balance
 PowerPath Host Application(s)

dynamically
balances workload PowerPath
across all available
SERVER
paths Request Request Request Request
 PowerPath will
provide greatest Request Request Request Request
performance SD SD SD SD SCSI
improvement in Driver
environments where HBA HBA HBA HBA Host Bus
the workload is not Adapter
balanced
STORAGE
– Workloads are Interconnect

seldom balanced Topology
– Workloads
dynamically
change
Performance Tuning and Active/Standby
Channel Policies
Host Application A Host Application B
PowerPath
Standby Paths Standby Paths
Application A Application B
SERVER
Channel Request Request

Channel
Request
Group Group
Request Request Request Request Request Request
SCSI Driver SD SD SD SD SD SD SCSI Driver
Host Bus HBA HBA HBA HBA HBA HBA Host Bus
Adapter Adapter
STORAGE
Cache
Available bandwidth can be segmented per application

PowerPath Load Balancing Policies
 Symm_opt/CLAR_opt (default)
– I/O requests are balanced across multiple paths based on composition of reads, writes,
and user-assigned device/application priorities
 Round_Robin
– I/O requests are distributed to each available path in turn
 Least_I/Os
– I/O requests are assigned to the path with the fewest number of requests in the queue
 Least_Blocks
– I/O requests are assigned to the path with the fewest total blocks in the queue
 Request
– Path failover only
 No Redirect
– Disable path failover and load balancing (same as Transparent=on)
– Default for Symmetrix when there is no license key; not supported on CLARiiON
 Basic Failover
– CDE-type functionality (SPA–SPB failover)
– Default for CLARiiON when there is no license key; not supported on Symmetrix

Active-Active vs. Active-Passive
CLARiiON’s “LUN Ownership Model”
 CLARiiON “back-
Host Host Host Host
end” employs dual-
port disks, HBA HBA HBA HBA HBA HBA HBA HBA
redundant FC-AL
loops Switch Switch Switch Switch
– All disks have
paths to both Port Port Port Port Port Port CMI Port Port
Storage Processors Cache Cache State Info Cache
 CLARiiON LUNs Director
Storage Storage
are “owned” by one Director
SCSI disk
Director Processor
SCSI disk
Processor
SCSI disk SCSI disk
Storage Processor
– One Storage SCSI disk Symmetrix SCSI disk CLARiiON
Processor services * Symmetrical Volume Access: * Asymmetrical Volume (LUN)
I/O for LUN volume accessible (active) on Access: LUN accessible (active)
all paths on one Storage Processor
– Second path to at a time
LUN is passive

Failover Redefined with PowerPath
 Use all active paths before doing a trespass

 When all active paths are exhausted, trespass on a
LUN by LUN basis
 Scope of LUNs failing over depends upon component
– If there is a failure to an HBA or cable connecting the HBA to
a Storage Processor, hub, or switch, just the affected host’s
LUNs fail over
– If there is a failure to a Storage Processor, all LUNs assigned
to that Storage Processor will fail over if they are accessed

PowerPath Failover with CLARiiON
Application Application
 Path Fault PowerPath

 HBA Fault Request Request
 Storage Processor Fault SD SD
HBA HBA
Interconnect
Topology
SP-A SP-B
CLARiiON
PowerPath Load Balancing with CLARiiON
 LUN Ownership Model with CLARiiON

– Load balancing
• Load balancing and failover across active channels
• Trespass to passive channels in event of all paths / Storage Processor
failover
• Only on systems with two or more FC-SW (CLARiiON FC4700 and
above) ports per Storage Processor
• For HBAs on active paths only
• Not across Storage Processors
– Customer selects best algorithm for application requirements
• CLAR_opt is usually recommended

PowerPath/CLARiiON (CDE Functionality)
 Provides back-end failover, non- Application

disruptive upgrades, and single
PowerPath
HBA configuration support for
single-attach hosts Request
 Is included in CLARiiON Utility SD
Kit
 Access Logix is required HBA
 Non-HA environment
 No multi-pathing capabilities Fibre Channel Switch
SP-A SP-B
CLARiiON
PowerPath and HA Clusters
Application Application
SERVER
SERVER
 PowerPath enhances
High Availability Cluster PowerPath PowerPath
environments SD SD SD SD
 Increases application
availability by eliminating HBA HBA HBA HBA
the need to failover
when a path failure
occurs
 Tested with leading HA Interconnect
STORAGE
cluster products Topology
– HACMP for AIX
– HP MC ServiceGuard
– Veritas FirstWatch
– Sun Cluster
– Qualix HA
– NT MSCS

Management
 PowerPath provides GUI and CLI interface for online

management
– Performance and
status monitoring
– Configuration
– Channel director
and path
maintenance
– Restoring path
after repair
– Testing

Recent PowerPath Enhancements
The following features have been added to PowerPath

support:
 PowerPath v4.0 Features
– PowerPath Volume Manager (PPVM)
– Solaris OS support
– Volume Mobility
– HP-UX support
– HDS Lightning /HP StorageWorks XP array support
– IBM ESS array support

PowerPath v4.0
 PowerPath Volume Manager (PPVM)
– PPVM an integrated volume manager
Supported
PP4.0 - Solaris Platforms
Depth of functionality
PowerPath 3.X
Volume Management
Path Path Path Path

management management management management
and I/O load and I/O load and I/O load and I/O load
balancing balancing balancing balancing
EMC Symmetrix EMC Clariion Supported

EMC Symmetrix EMC Clariion
Arrays
Breadth of Platform & Array
Support

PowerPath Volume Manager (PPVM)
 Combine physical disk into

Volume Groups (VG)
 Define “Storage Elements”
and physical partitions for
Volume Group (VG)
 Create logical volumes using
VG storage elements
 Presents logical volume to Logical
application as physical disk Storage
Volume
Element
 Adjusts storage elements
and Volume Groups to “Physical” Disk
support changes in logical
volumes
Expanded Volume
PowerPath v4.1 for Unix
 Extends OS support to HP-UX
 Introduces Volume Mobility
 Extends support to Hitachi and HPxp Array
Solaris, HP-UX Supported

Platforms
Volume Mobility
Volume Management
Supported
Path Path Path Features
management management management
and I/O load and I/O load and I/O load
balancing balancing balancing
Supported
EMC Symmetrix EMC Clariion HDS / HPxp Arrays
Support
PowerPath 4.1 for Unix - Volume Mobility
 Host based movement of PPVM volumes
Symmetrix Array
HDS Array
Testvol Testvg Testvol

Testvg
Movement of a PPVM volume across arrays to a volume with different layout

 CLARiiON Nice Names

– PowerPath Names of Clariion LUNS
 Distributed Reads
– Improves performance
 MultiPath Active-Active
– Support for Third party arrays

V4.2 extends path availability and volume management
to IBM ESS arrays
Solaris, HP-UX Supported

Platforms
Volume Mobility
Volume Management
Supported
Path Path Path Path Features
management management management management
and I/O load and I/O load and I/O load and I/O load
balancing balancing balancing balancing
EMC Symmetrix EMC Clariion HDS IBM - ESS Supported

Arrays
Support

PowerPath v4.2 for Unix Features
 Array support IBM ESS
– F10 and F20
 SUN cluster support for third party arrays
– Load balancing
– Path failover
 Continued integration with Control Center
– API to relay alerts to Control Center and other Framework
applications

PowerPath v4.3.1 Windows
Update
November, 2004

© 2004 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. These materials may not be copied without EMC's written consent.
30
PowerPath 4.3.1 for Windows Topics
 Features and Functionality

 Supported Operating Systems
 Installation and Configuration considerations
 Restrictions

© 2004 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 31
PowerPath 4.3.1 Windows Key Features
 Support for:
– Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003
– iSCSI on Symmetrix (5x67 or greater)
– iSCSI on CLARiiON AX100i and CX500i
– Clusters
 Ability to reconfigure mismatched Dead Paths
– When PowerPath finds a usable device on an unexpected path
mapping
 Tighter integration with Windows Plug and Play
 Enhanced Administrator GUI
– When a path failure occurs, the graphical user interface is
maximized in order to draw attention to the failure
– Interface is maximized whether or not PowerPath
Administrator is open
Supported Operating Systems and Service Packs
Supported Minimum Service Pack and

Operating System Disk Space Required
Windows 2000 •Windows 2000 Server or Advanced
(32-bit only) Server with SP3 or SP4
•Windows 2000 Datacenter with SP1 or
SP2
•Free disk space required: 10 MB
Windows Server 2003 •Windows Server 2003

(32-bit and 64-bit)
•Free disk space required: 10 MB

Device Specifications, powermt with iSCSI
 In PowerPath, iSCSI devices (powermt

name) will appear like comparable
Fibre Channel devices
 With Microsoft’s Software Initiator, all
iSCSI paths are presented under a
single port
 This single port within the GUI has a
description indicating it belongs to the
Microsoft Software Initiator
 The typical description for Fibre
Channel ports simply contains PCI and
slot information

NIC and HBA Display in Computer Management

Configuration Considerations with iSCSI
 Hosts can connect to an iSCSI array using:

– Layer 2 (switched) network
– Layer 3 (routed) network
 Configurations with PowerPath and the CX500i or
AX100i are supported with:
– Industry standard switches and routers
– Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 hosts running
Native iSCSI driver/NIC (MS certified driver)
– Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 hosts using Qlogic
QLA4010 (optical) or QLA4010C (copper) HBAs and drivers
– Up to 4 HBAs or 4 NICs in one host connecting to one array
Dedicated networks are recommended

Considerations for Host iSCSI Names
Tool Host iSCSI Name What is Identified

Microsoft iSCSI All NICs in the same The name will identify the
Software Initiator host will use the host.
same iSCSI name.
The NICs will not be
identifiable.
Qlogic iSCSI Each HBA will have The name will identify the
Adapter a unique iSCSI individual HBA in the host.
name.

Restrictions in PowerPath 4.3.1
 Not Supported:
– Mode per-path
– Third party arrays
 PowerPath 4.3 upgrading to 4.3.1 does not support
third party arrays
 “Powermt mode=[active|standby]” is not
supported in iSCSI configurations

Course Summary
Key points covered in this course:

 PowerPath is server based software that provides multiple paths
between the host bus adapter and the Storage Subsystem
– Redundant paths eliminate host adapter, cable connection, and
channel adapters as single points of failures and increase
availability
– Improves performance by dynamically balancing workload across
all available paths
 Application transparent
 Close integration with most UNIX and NT hosts
 Supported SCSI, Fibre Channel, and clustered environments
 GUI and CLI interface for management functions
 Latest features of PowerPath

Closing Slide


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PowerPath Foundations

EMC Global Education

 The AUDIO portion of this course is supplemental to

EMC Global Education 2

 EMC Technology Foundations (ETF) is a curriculum that presents

EMC Global Education 3

After completing this course, you will be able to:

EMC Global Education 4

 Server based software

EMC Global Education 5

 Automatic path failover

EMC Global Education 6

EMC Global Education 7

EMC Global Education 8

 All Volumes are

EMC Global Education 9

EMC Global Education 10

 I/O performance is Host Application(s)

 At any point in time, Host Bus

 PowerPath Host Application(s)

– Workloads are Interconnect

Host Application A Host Application B

Channel Request Request

Available bandwidth can be segmented per application

EMC Global Education 14

EMC Global Education 15

 Use all active paths before doing a trespass

EMC Global Education 16

 Path Fault PowerPath

 LUN Ownership Model with CLARiiON

EMC Global Education 18

 Provides back-end failover, non- Application

EMC Global Education 20

 PowerPath provides GUI and CLI interface for online

EMC Global Education 21

The following features have been added to PowerPath

EMC Global Education 22

Path Path Path Path

EMC Symmetrix EMC Clariion Supported

EMC Global Education 23

 Combine physical disk into

Solaris, HP-UX Supported

Testvol Testvg Testvol

Movement of a PPVM volume across arrays to a volume with different layout

 CLARiiON Nice Names

EMC Global Education 27

Solaris, HP-UX Supported

EMC Symmetrix EMC Clariion HDS IBM - ESS Supported

EMC Global Education 28

EMC Global Education 29

EMC Global Education

 Features and Functionality

EMC Global Education

Supported Minimum Service Pack and

Windows Server 2003 •Windows Server 2003

EMC Global Education

 In PowerPath, iSCSI devices (powermt

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

 Hosts can connect to an iSCSI array using:

Dedicated networks are recommended

Tool Host iSCSI Name What is Identified

EMC Global Education