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:Amy Pearson
Top-down reading models teach students to
read by introducing them to literature as a
whole. Instead of teaching students to read by
sounding out each word in a sentence, teachers
read whole passages of a text. Students begin
to use context clues to decipher unfamiliar
words.
The National Capital Language
Research Center reports top-down
reading models are helpful to those
learning a second language because
they help students concentrate on
the whole meaning of a passage.
The theory also works with
those just learning to read, as
readers rely on their previous
knowledge to decipher text or
unfamiliar words.
Look for Whole Meaning
-The top-down reading model theory
encourages students to focus more on
understanding the main ideas of a
passage than understanding every
word. Even if students do not
understand each word, they are likely
to grasp the meaning of a text as a
whole.
Babies learn to speak much the
same way. Instead of teaching
words one at a time, parents use
conversation to teach language to
their children.
Apply What Is Already Known
-The top-down reading model
encourages students to rely on
their own knowledge and use
context clues to understand new
concepts or words..
The report by Hirakata Nagao,
“Using Top-Down Skills to
Increase Reading Comprehension,”
states readers use their knowledge
of the content matter instead of
their knowledge of the vocabulary
used in a particular piece of text.
Students could also use context clues to
determine the meaning of words that have
more than one use.