1

CHAPTER 01

TRANSPRT PLANNING

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Basic Objectives of Transport
2
Planning

 To Study the problem arising in

providing transportation facilities

 To Prepare a systematic basis for

planning of such facilities

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
APPROACH
3
 3C: Coordinative – Continuous - Comprehensive

 Type and intensity of land use: Determinant of activity

level – Trips

 Four Stage Modeling (FSM)

Sequential Approach

 Disaggregation
Spatial Purpose
Modal Temporal
Socio-economic base

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Development of Transportation
planning Process: Assumptions &
Principles
4
 Travel patterns are Tangible , Stable and predictable.

 Movement ( Transport) Demands are Directly related to the

distribution and intensity of land uses, which can be accurately
determined for some future data.

 Decisive relationship exists between all modes of transport and future

role of a mode can not be determine without giving consideration to
all other modes. The Transportation system influences the
development of an area , as well as serving that area.
 Areas of continuous urbanization needs region wide consideration of
transport situation.
 Transportation study is an integral part of the overall planning process.

 Transportation planning Process is a continuous, coordinated &

comprehensive
CE697 process.
Transportation Planning I
STTP - APUTP09
 System
5

A system can be defined as an organised

or connected group or set of objects,
principles, or ideas related by some
common function, goal or belief.

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Systems Approach to Transport
Planning
6
Problem Definition & Solution Generation Solution Analysis
Formulation of Goals

Implementation
Evaluation of
Possible
Performance Assessment Alternative and
and Review choice
Operation

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Stages in Transport Planning:
7
Survey and Analysis of Existing conditions:
 Goal Setting in view of the relevant , Social , legal,
aesthetic, Political , Economic and Technical
Considerations
 Defining Survey Area and divisions of the Same
 Data Collection
Inventory of existing Travel Patterns
Inventory of existing Transport facilities
Inventory of Land Use & Economic Activities

CE697 Transportation Planning I

8

Travel
Pattern

Analysis for
Determination of Land use
quantifiable
Transport interrelationship and
Facilities Economic
Activities

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9

CE697 Transportation Planning I

Sequential demand analysis procedure.
 Land use and
Socioeconomic
Projections

10
Transportation
Trip
System
Generation
Specification

Trip
Distribution

Mode Choice

Network
Assignment

Direct (user)
Impacts

Sequential
CE697 Transportation PlanningTravel
I Demand Forecasting Process
 Four–Stage (Sequential) Travel demand model :

11
Land use Trip Generation Costs of
Travel
Data
Trip Ends

Trip Distribution

Trip Matrix Feedback

Modal (Optional)
Characteristic Modal Spilt

Trip Matrix

Network
Characteristic Trip Assignment

CE697 Transportation PlanningLink

I Flows
 Example
Exampleof
ofTravel
TravelEstimation
Estimation Tijmrsp Tijmrs
Process
Process Edud. 2 (Income)

Work 6 High 3
Pi Medium
12 Other 1 5
Production
Low
9 9
1 47
17
2 66
3 110 Tijmr
F
r
To Zones
Tij Tijm
o 1 2 3 Mode I Route A 5
m 25 Route B
1 10 18 19 47 Mode II 15 17
Aj Z
2 30 32 4 Route C 3
o 66 40
Attraction
n
e
3 5 40 65 110 Tijmrp
s 45 90 88 223 Trip Purpose
1 45
2 90 Education 3
3 88 Work 12
Other 2
17
CE697 Transportation Planning ISTTP - APUTP09
 2001 2007

2 2

6 6
3 3

13
1 1

5 5

4 4

2012 2016

2 2

6 6
3 3

N
1 1
N.T.S.

Legend :
5 5 < 50000
4 4
50001 - 100000
100001 - 150000
>150001

Sector Desire Line Diagram

CE697 Transportation Planning I

14 Forecast, Analysis of future conditions and Plan Synthesis :

Long term Planning…………… 20-25 years

Prediction of (I) Economic Activity in future
(II) Population
(III) Employment Pattern
(IV) Changes in land use Pattern

CE697 Transportation Planning ISTTP - APUTP09

15
Evaluation :
Selection of best alternative for maximum fulfillment of
set objectives/ Goals.

Programme adoption and Implementation:

Adoption & implementation of the best alternative

Resource Mobilization for implementation

CE697 Transportation Planning ISTTP - APUTP09

16 Continuing Study:

Plan readjustment in light of the gap between predicted

and real situation perceived through periodic surveys of
predicted parameters of transport planning.

The dynamic nature and complexity in the transport

planning are due to stochastic nature of the input
variable.

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Urban Transportation Planning
Process
17

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Planning Surveys
18

 Travel Movements
 Study Area Delineation
 Transport Planning Surveys

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Travel Movements
19

(IV)
(II) Interzonal
(V)
External - External Externa – Internal
Internal - Externall
(III)
Interzonal
Intrazonal (VI)
(I)

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Surat City Study Area
Delineation
Population Density
20

CE697 Transportation Planning I

21

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Cordon Line

22
Screen Line 6

Screen Line 5

Screen Line 4
Screen Line 3

Screen Line 2
PWT Terminals and
Screen Line 1
Screen Line and O-D
Count Stations
CE697 Transportation Planning I
 Zoning
23

To Facilitate the spatial quantification of

land use and economic factors
influencing the travel Pattern amongst
the reasonably homogenous Socio
economic conglomerate.

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Delineation Elements
24

CE697 Transportation Planning ISTTP - APUTP09

 Coding Practice
25

Sector Zone Sub Zone

Nine (0-8) Ten (0-9) Ten (0-9)

External Sector : 9

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Survey Types & Methodologies
26
 Primary Surveys & Secondary Surveys

 Revealed Preference Survey (RP) & Stated

Preference Survey (SP)

 Observation Participation Interviews

CE697 Transportation Planning ISTTP - APUTP09

 Conti……
27

 Survey Approaches:

1. At the Home
2. During The Trip
3. At the destination end of Trip

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Urban Transportation Planning Studies

28
 Inventories
 Classificational Studies
 Volume Studies
 Capacity Studies
 Pedestrians Studies
 Mass Transits Studies
 Parking Studies
 O-D Studies
 Traffic Impact Studies

CE697 Transportation Planning ISTTP - APUTP09

 Transportation Planning Studies:
Studies
29

 Inventories
1.Road Way: Geometrics, Control Devices,
Pavement Condition.
2. Parking Inventories.
3. Transit Inventories.
4. Land use and Zoning.

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Classificational Studies
30

Jurisdictional Functional

Municipal Corporation Accessibility

Development Authorities Mobility
Municipal Councils
Road Transport Authorities
Railways
Private Service Providers

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 c

et
-sa

e
str
de

et
l-

e
l
ca

str
Cu
for access purposes: Unrestricted

Lo

tor
access

ec
31

ll
Co
Increasing use of street

parking, loading, etc.

ACCESS FUNCTION

al
eri
art
j or
Ma

y
Decreasing degree

wa
of access control

s
es
pr
Ex

y
wa
ee
Fr
Complete
access No through Increasing proportion of through No local
traffic traffic; increasing speed traffic

MOVEMENT FUNCTION

Schematic Relationship
CE697 Transportation PlanningBetween
I Access and Movement Functions of Streets
 Volume Studies
32

1. Average Daily Traffic Count

2. Hourly Counts
3. Peak hour counts
4. Cordon Counts
5. Screen line Counts
6. Vehicle Occupancy Counts
7. Future Volumes

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Traffic Volume Study
33
Traffic volume is defined as the number of
vehicles crossing a section of road per unit time
at any selected period.

Information gathered…..
 Hourly, daily, yearly and seasonal traffic volume
variations
 Volume and direction of traffic

 Variation of vehicle flows on different parts of a

road system
 Proportion of two wheelers, cars, heavy
vehicles, slow vehicles etc. (Traffic Composition)

CE697 Transportation Planning I

  Average Annual Flow
34 
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
Total yearly volume divided by number of
days in a year (365)
 Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
Total volume during certain number of
days divided by number of days
 Hourly Volume (HV)

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Uses of traffic volume studies

35  Annual Total Traffic Volume

 Measuring & establishing trends in traffic
volume
 Annual travel in vehicle – km used for
economic analysis
 Computation of accident rates
 Estimation of highway user revenues

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36
 AADT or ADT Volumes
 Highway planning activities: Development
of express ways ,Urban free ways, Bye –
passes etc.
 Prioritisation of highway improvement
programmes
 Measuring present demand for service
 Evaluating the present traffic flow with
respect to existing highway system

CE697 Transportation Planning I

  Peak Hourly Volumes
37
 Geometric design with respect to number and width
of lanes, intersection design etc.
 Determination of deficiency in capacity
 Justifying use of control devices such as signals,
rotary, markings etc.
 Developing operational programmes such as one
way street, designation of streets etc.
 Justifying other regulatory measures like parking,
turning, stopping etc.
 Highway classification
 Justifying enforcement and its planning

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Types of Survey
38

1. Home Interview surveys

2. Commercial vehicles surveys
3. Taxi surveys
4. Road side interview surveys
5. Post card interview surveys
6. Registration number surveys
7. Tag surveys
8. Public Transport surveys

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 2.3 Sampling
39

 Sample is collection of units which has

been especially selected to represent a
larger population with certain attributes
of interest.

 How to ensure a representative Sample?

 How to Extract valid conclusions from a sample
satisfying the above condition??

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Sample Size:
40

 Total Population of Study area.

 Desire degree of accuracy.
 Density of Population.
 Statistical Analysis Approach.

CE697 Transportation Planning I

 Statistical Analysis Approach
(Dwelling Units H.H)
41
Population Recommended Minimum
sample size Sample Size
< 50000 1 in 5 1 in 10

50000-150000 1 in 8 1 in 20

150000-300000 1 in 10 1 in 35

300000-500000 1 in 15 1 in 50

500000- 1 in 20 1 in 70
1000000
>1000000 1 in 25 1 in 100
CE697 Transportation Planning I
 Sampling Methods
42

 Simple Random Sampling

 Stratified Random Sampling

CE697 Transportation Planning I

43

……….Later……………..
CE697 Transportation Planning ISTTP - APUTP09