2. Designing Backwards
At the beginning of the curriculum
design, the learning outcome has to be
clearly defined.
Four Essential Principles of OBE
3. High Expectations
Establishing high expectations,
challenging standards of performance will
encourage students to learn better.
4. Expanded Opportunities
In OBE all students are expected to excel,
hence equal expanded opportunities
should be provided.
Teachers must prepare students
adequately.
Teachers must create a positive learning
environment.
Teachers must help their students to
understand, that they have learn, why
they should lean it and how will they
know that they have learned.
Teaching-Learning in OBE
Teachers must use variety of teaching
methods.
Teachers must provide students with
enough opportunities to use the new
knowledge and skills that they gain.
Teachers must help students to bring each
learning to a personal closure that will
make them aware of what they learned.
Principles of Assessment of Learning
Outcomes in OBE
1. Assessment procedure should be valid.
Procedure and tools should actually assess
what one intends to test.
2. Assessment procedure should be reliable.
The results should be consistent.
3. Assessment procedure should be fair.
Cultural background and other factors
should not influence assessment
procedure.
4. Assessment should reflect the knowledge
and skills that are important to the
students.
5. Assessment should tell both the teachers
and students how students are progressing.
6. Assessment should support every student’s
opportunity to learn things that are
important.
7. Assessment should allow individuality or
uniqueness to be demonstrated.
8. Assessment should be comprehensive to
cover a wide range of learning outcomes.
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