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MANAGEMENT DAN
MANAGING
Chapter I
Learning Objectives
Setelah mengikuti mata kuliah ini diharapkan mahasiswa
mampu :
1. Menjelaskan pengertian Manajemen dan Tugas
Manajer.
2. Menjelaskan fungsi manajemen
3. Menjelaskan tingkatan manajer
4. Mengidentifikasi peran manajerial dasar dan
ketrampilan manajer
1–2
Buku Referensi
1–4
What is an organization?
Organization: People working together and
coordinating their actions to achieve specific goals.
1–5
Goal & Management
• Goal: A desired future condition that the
organization seeks to achieve.
Tujuan: Suatu kondisi di masa depan yang ingin dicapai oleh
organisasi.
• Human resources
– Managerial talent and labor
• Financial resources
– Capital investments to support
ongoing and long-term operations
• Physical Assets
– Raw materials; office and
production facilities,
and equipment
• Information
– Usable data, information linkages
1–8
Management in Organizations
Planning
and decision Organizing
Controlling Leading
1–9
Contoh Sumber Daya Organisasi
Organisasi Human Financial Physical Information
Resources Resources Resources Resources
1–10
Manfaat dasar Management
EFFICIENTLY
Using resources wisely and
in a cost-effective way
And
EFFECTIVELY
Making the right decisions and
successfully implementing them
1–11
Efisien - Efektif
• Efisien : menggunakan berbagai sumber daya
secara tepat dengan cara yang hemat biaya
1–14
Who is Manager?
1–15
Planning
1–16
Organizing
• In organizing, managers create the structure
of working relationships between
organizational members that best allows
them to work together and achieve goals.
• Managers will group people into departments
according to the tasks performed.
• Managers will also lay out lines of authority and
responsibility for members.
• An organizational structure is the outcome
of organizing. This structure coordinates and
motivates employees so that they work
together to achieve goals.
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1–17
Leading
1–18
Controlling
• In controlling, managers evaluate how well the
organization is achieving its goals and takes
corrective action to improve performance.
• Managers will monitor individuals,
departments, and the organization to
determine if desired performance has been
reached.
• Managers will also take action to increase
performance as required.
• The outcome of the controlling function is the
accurate measurement of performance and
regulation of efficiency and effectiveness.
1–19
Proses Manajemen (Fungsi Dasar
Manajemen)
1. Planning and Decision Making
– Menetapkan tujuan organisasi dan menentukan bagaimana
cara terbaik untuk mencapainya
– Pemilihan suatu tindakan dari serangkaian alternatif
2. Organizing
– Menentukan bagaimana cara mengelompokkan berbagai
aktifitas dan sumber daya
3. Leading
– Serangkaian proses yang dilakukan agar anggota organisasi
bekerja bersama demi pencapaian tujuan organisasi
4. Controlling
– Pemantauan perkembangan organisasi dalam mencapai
tujuannya
1–20
The Management Process (cont’d)
Planning and
Decision Making Organizing
Setting the organiza- Determining how
tion’s goals and best to group
deciding how best activities and
to achieve them resources
Controlling Leading
Monitoring Motivating members
and correcting of the organization
ongoing activities to work in the best
to facilitate goal interests of the
attainment organization
Figure 1.2
21
Levels of Management
1–22
Management Levels
First-line Managers: responsible for day-to-day
operation. They supervise the people performing the
activities required to make the good or service.
Middle Managers: Supervise first-line managers.
They are also responsible to find the best way to use
departmental resources to achieve goals.
Top Managers: Responsible for the performance of
all departments and have cross-departmental
responsibility. They establish organizational goals
and monitor middle managers.
1–23
Tingkatan Manajer
1. Top Managers
Sekelompok kecil eksekutif yang mengelola keseluruhan
organisasi, mereka menciptakan tujuan organisasi, strategi
pencapaian dan kebijakan operasional (CEO, Pres Dir, Wk)
2. Middle Managers
Kelompok manajer yang paling banyak dlm organisasi,
bartanggung jawab untuk mengimplementasikan kebijakan
dan rencana yang dikembangkan oleh manajer puncak serta
untuk mengevaluasi, supervisi dan mengkoordinasikan
pekerjaan manajer bawahannya.
3. First-Line Managers
Mengawasi/supervisi dan mengkordinasikan aktifitas karyawan
1–24
Jenis Manajer Berdasarkan Bidang Tugas
1. Marketing Managers
Bekerja pada bidang yang berhubungan dengan
fungsi pemasaran (pengembangan produk baru,
promosi, distribusi, jaringan klien, konsumen)
2. Financial Managers
Terutama berhubungan dengan pengelolaan sumber
daya keuangan (accounting, manajemen kas,
investasi)
3. Operations Managers
Berurusan dengan penciptaan dan pengelolaan
sistem yang menciptakan produk / jasa
perusahaan (pengendalian produksi, pengendalian
persediaan, pengendalian kualitas, lay out pabrik
dan pemilihan lokasi)
1–25
4. Human Resource Managers
Bertanggung jawab untuk menerima dan
mengembangkan karyawan ( human resource planning,
recruiting and selecting employees, training and
development, designing compensation and benefit
systems, formulating performance appraisal systems, and
discharging low-performing employees.)
5. Administrative Managers
Lebih bersifat umum, akrab dengan semua bidang
manajemen dari pada berspesialis pada satu bidang
6. Other Kinds of Managers
Sesuai dengan bidang usaha/tujuan organisasi
( Public relations managers, R & D managers etc).
26
Peran Manajerial (H Mintzberg)
• Interpersonal Roles
– Figurehead, leader, and liaison roles involve
dealing with other people.
• Informational Roles
– Monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson roles
involve the processing of information.
• Decisional Roles
– Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource
allocator, and negotiator are managerial roles
primarily related to making decisions.
1–27
Ten Basic Managerial Roles
Table 1.2
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1–28
Managerial Skills
1. Technical
– Keahlian yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan atau
memahami jenis kerja tertentu yang dilakasanakan dalam
suatu organisasi
2. Interpersonal
– Kemampuan untuk memahami, memotivasi dan
berkomunikasi dengan individu maupun kelompok
3. Conceptual
– Kemampuan untuk memahami dan memandang organisasi
sebagai satu kesatuan. Bagaimana semua bagian dlm
organisasi bisa berjalan bersama melalui keputusan yang
berbasis pada kepentingan keseluruhan organisasi
4. Diagnostic
– Keahlian untuk memvisualisasikan jawaban yang paling
sesuai untuk situasi tertentu
1–29
Managerial Skills (cont’d)
5. Communication
– Kemampuan manajer utk mengirimkan ide dan informasi
secara efektif kpd orang lain dan menerima ide dan
informasi dari orang lain
6. Decision-Making
– Kemampuan manajer untuk mengenali dan mendefinisikan
masalah dengan benar dan kemudian menentukan satu
tindakan yang tepat untuk memecahkan masalah tsb.
7. Time-Management
– Keahlian manajer utk memprioritaskan pekerjaan ,
mengendalikan waktu bekerja secara efisien ,
mendelegasikan pekerjaan secara tepat
1–30
Managerial Skills (R Katz)
.
Top Middle Lower
Conseptual
Human relations
Teknical
Robert L Katz
31
Pekerjaan Manajerial
How CEOs spend a typical day.
Desk Work
22%
Scheduled
Meetings Unscheduled
59% Meetings
10%
Telephone
6%
Touring Facilities
3%
32
Menjadi seorang Manajer
Sumber keahlian Management
Dasar pendidikan
yang baik, dilanjutkan
Dgn pengalaman pen
didikan seumur hidup
Perolehan dan peng
Gunaan keahlian
Manajemen dasar
Yang sukses
Pengalaman pekerjaan
Yang pertama, dilanjut
Kan dgn pengalaman
Dlm berbagai jenis tu
gas
1–34
Lingkup Manajemen dlm Organisasi
• For-profit Organizations
Large businesses
Industrial firms, commercial banks, insurance companies,
retailers, transportation companies, utilities, communication
companies, service organizations
Small businesses and start-up businesses, International
management
• Not-for-profit Organizations
Governmental organizations : local, state.
Educational organization : public and private schools,
colleges, and universities
Healthcare facilities : public hospitals
Nontraditional settings : community, social, spiritual
groups
1–35