PERCEPTION

GROUP NO 2
EHTISHAAM
MAJID FAYAZ
AROUSA JAVAID
AADIL HUSSAIN
AALIMA
SARWAR
AADIL
NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF
PERCEPTION
 PERCEPTION PROCESS
PERCEPTUAL INPUTS
STIMULI

PERCEPTUAL
MECHANISIM

PERCEPTUAL OUTPUTS
ACTION
• PERCEPTUAL INPUTS: First stage where the perceiver .
comes across various information through formal objects,
events, people.
• PERCEPTUAL MECHANISIM: 3 elements;

Selection of Organization Interpretation

stimuli of stimuli of stimuli
A. SELECTION OF STIMULI.
.
B. ORGANISATION OF STIMULI: arranging stimuli in
some form so as to make sense. Its various forms are;
1- Figure Ground 2- Perceptual Grouping
3- Simplification 4- Closure.
B. INTERPRETATION OF STIMULI : Perceiver
interprets things according to his thinking style, state of
mind, environment, circumstances, objectives, beliefs.

3 - PERCEPTUAL OUTPUTS: These outputs may be in

the form of covert actions. It may also result into overt
actions.
MANAGING PERCEPTION
PROCESS
PERCEPTUAL ERRORS
• SELECTIVE PERCEPTION: People only see a part of
the stimulus rather than the whole stimulus. They pay
attention to those aspects of the situation which are in
accordance with their needs, motives and interests.
• PROJECTION: An individual tends to project his own
characteristics in others.
• STEREOTYPING: : Judging a person on the basis of
the characteristics of the group to which he belongs.
• HALO EFFECT: It means the tendency to judge a person
on the basis of a single characteristic such as intelligence
or appearance.
• ATTRIBUTION: when the perceiver gives cause and .
effect explanation to the observed behaviour. People tend
to attribute their own behaviour to the situations and the
behaviour of others to their personal dispositions.
• FIRST IMPRESSION: its very common that a person
evaluates others on the basis of first impressions. Quite
often the first impression is not based on adequate
information.
• MENTAL SET: also known as perceptual sets, it means
the previously held beliefs about objects and events.
• STATUS AND VISIBLITY OF PERCIEVED:
perception may be distorted when a person is perceived on
the basis of his status rather than on the basis of his actual
characteristics.
PERCEPTION AND OB
WHEN PERCEPTION FAILS !