Ronald Joshua B.

Panaligan
Mark Jasper O. Villanueva
BSCE 4-2
 Portion of the drainage pipe installation,
designed to maintain a balance
atmospheric pressure inside the system. It
helps to prevent problems like
1. Trap Seal Loss
2. Retardation of Flow
3. Deterioration of the Materials
 Ventilating a drainage system requires a
thorough knowledge of the principles
governing the natural laws of nature such as:
1. The principles governing the atmosphere
2. The principles of gravity
3. The principles of Siphon, pressure and
vacuum
 The surface of the Earth is subjected to an
atmospheric pressure valued about 65.47
Newtons at sea level.
 Most common and serious problem being
encountered in a drainage system
 Can be attributed to inadequate ventilation of
the trap and subsequent minus and plus
pressures of the system
 Siphonage
 Back Pressure
 Evaporation
 Capillary Action
Siphonage is the result of the minus pressure
in the drainage system.
Closing one end of the trap by connecting a
pipe without ventilation will create an unequal
atmospheric condition
 Direct or Self Siphoning- created when a
rapid flow of water passing through the pipe
siphon down the water seal inside the trap
with no vent provision
 Indirect of Momentum Siphoning – result of
minus pressure in the pipe created by heavy
discharge of water from a fixture installed on
a line serving another fixture at a lower floor.
 Evaporation – considered as minor problem
and is less probable to drain the water inside
the trap
 Wind Effect – a wind velocity passing over the
top of the soil may affect the trap seal.
Improbable to happen
 Capillary Action – draining of water seal
caused by foreign objects like thread or
string suspended and extended over the
outlet arm of the trap
 Due to the effect of atmospheric pressure
and/or gravity. One example is pouring liquid
milk from a tin can.
 Corrected when ventilation pipes are provided
to equalize the or balanced the atmospheric
pressure inside the plumbing installation
 Ventilating all fixture traps individually is
costly. So, for the sake of the economy, group
venting was permitted provided that every
trap is ventilated using the proper size of
vent pipe as recommended by National
Plumbing Code
 Main Soil and Waste  Wet Vent
Vent  Looped Vent
 Main Vent  Local Vent
 Individual Vent  Utility Vent
 Unit Vent  Yoke Vent
 Circuit or Loop Vent  Relief Vent
 2 MAJOR CLASSIFICATIONS:
 The vent pipe used to ventilate the soil and
waste pipes are the Main Soil and Waste Vents
 The main and other subsidiary form of relief
vents are classified accdg to the functions
they perform, and they are called Relief and
Yoke Vent. It only serves the fixtures and
functions to balance atmospheric pressure
inside the system
 Other types of ventilation whose main
function is to protect the trap seal against
back pressure and siphoning are called
 Individual or back Vent
 Unit Vent
 Circuit or Loop Vent
 Wet Vent
 Looped Vent
 Portion of the soil stack above the highest
installed fixture branch extending through
the roof. It serves as the terminal for the main
vent and other vents of the system
 Portion of the vent pipe system, serving as
terminal for the smaller forms of individual
and grouped fixture trap ventilation
 Also called as COLLECTING VENT LINE
 Source through which air is admitted to the
plumbing system. It serves as means of
eliminating objectionable odors
 The drainage system is a combination of
waste pipe, vent pipe, and water supply. They
are dependent with each other
 Determine the size of the main vent that will
serve 30 fixture units
1. Referring to 11-1, it appears that 63 mm
pipe could serve up to 36 fixture units
2. Therefore, specify a 63 mm diameter pipe
for the main vent
 How large is the main vent required for a
various fixture consisting of 4 water closets,
4 lavatories, 3 showers and 2 kitchen sinks
installed on the 1st floor of a two-storey bldg
6 meters high
1. Solve for the Total Fixture Units with the aid
of Table 5-1
2. Refer to Table 11-1, a 100 mm soil or waste
stack could serve up to 48 max units
3. Under a column “Diameter of vent pipe” a
63 mm pipe could ventilate 48 units as high
as 19.50 meters
4. Therefore, specify a 63 mm diameter vent
pipe.
 Also known as Back Vent
 It is that part of the vent pipe system that
serves as a single trap. Its is connected to the
trap directly underneath and back of the
fixture and reconnected into the main vent
above
 Unit vent is defined as that portion of a vent
pipe system that ventilates two fixture traps
that discharges into a sanitary cross with
deflectors.
 Circuit or Loop Vent is employed where two
or more fixture traps are installed on a
horizontal soil or waste branch.
 Relief Vent is installed to ventilate the soil
and waste pipe and the connecting branches
rather than the fixture traps.
 Looped Vent is one type of ventilation use on
fixtures in a room away from partitions.
 Wet ventilation is defined as that portion of
the vent pipe system where liquid waste
regularly flows.