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PREETHA .S
HVDC TECHNOLOGY
o Each converter station acts as either a rectifier (AC‐DC) or
an inverter (DC‐AC)
o The converter uses high speed switching to create a DC voltage from the
AC voltage or an AC voltage from a DC voltage
o Depending upon the design of the HVDC system, filtering of the AC sig
nal may be signal may be required in order to
smooth the resultant waveform
o The integral part of an HVDC power converter is the valve or
valve arm. It may be controllable if constructed from one or more
thyristors in series.
o Electric power flowing between the HVDC valve group and the
a.c. system is ‘three phase’.
o When electric power flows into the d.c. valve group from the a.c.
system then it is considered a rectifier. If power flows from the
d.c. valve group into the a.c. system, it is an inverter. Each valve
consists of many series connected thyristors in thyristor modules.
o No limits in transmitted distance. This is valid for both OH lines
and sea or underground cables.
o Very fast control of power flow, which implies stability
improvements, not only for the HVDC link but also for the
surrounding AC system.
o Direction of power flow can be changed very quickly (bi-
directionality).
o An HVDC link don´t increase the short-circuit power in the
connecting point. This means that it will not be necessary to
change the circuit breakers in the existing network.
o HVDC can carry more power for a given size of conductor.
o The need for ROW (Right Of Way) is much smaller for HVDC
than for HVAC, for the same transmitted power. The
environmental impact is smaller with HVDC.
o VSC technology allows controlling active and reactive power
independently without any needs for extra compensating
equipment.
o VSC technology gives a good opportunity to alternative energy
sources to be economically and technically efficient.
o HVDC transmissions have a high availability and reliability rate,
shown by more than 30 years of operation.
o Converters are expensive.
ISC :the short-circuit current of the original AC system alone at a 3-ph fault.
ISC_HVDC_L : the short-circuit current of the AC system with converter station
connected and in operation at the same fault.
The maximum possible short circuit increment (∆Imax) due to
HVDC Light is determined by the SCR. It is inversely in
proportional to the SCR and it occurs when the transmission
system is operating at zero active power.
The HVDC Light, in contrast to the conventional HVDC which does not
contribute any short circuit current, may contribute some short circuit
current. With HVDC Light, the voltage dip due to distant fault is
possibly reduced and thereby the connected electricity consumers may
suffer less from disturbances.