Concentricity And Coaxiality

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CONCENTRICITY AND COAXIALITY

 Concentricity is a condition in which two or more features, such

as circles, spheres, cylinders, cones, or hexagons, share a common
center or axis.
 An example would be a round hole through the center of a cylindrical
part.
 Coaxiality is a very similar condition in which two or more
circular or similar features are arranged with their axes in the
same straight line.
 Examples might be a counter bored hole or a shaft having parts along its
length turned to different diameters.
 Both these terms are often used interchangeably. For geometrical
tolerancing the same symbol is used for both conditions.

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 SYMBOL

 The geometric characteristic symbol for both concentricity and

coaxiality consists of two concentric circles, having diameters equal to
75% and 50% respectively of the feature control symbol frame height

CONCENTRICITY SYMBOL

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 CONCENTRICITY TOLERANCING

CONCENTRICITY OF CIRCLES

• Diameter A is the Datum Circle

• Concentricity Tolerance is applied to the outer circle
• The Circle with 0.12 Dia. is the tolerance zone

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 ENLARGED PROFILE OF PART

The datum center is the center of the largest perfect circle, which can be inscribed
within the datum feature.
The tolerance zone is concentric with this datum center.
The center points of the controlled circle are established from the periphery of the
feature and their position will be affected by irregularities or errors of form of the
periphery.
Note : This is illustrated by the enlarged profiles. The center point of diameter A-A is
a point a, and the center point of diameter B-B is point b. These and all other center
points must lie within the tolerance zone.
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CYLINDRICAL PART WITH CYLINDRICITY TOLERANCE

 A common type of part where the outer diameter is required to

be concentric with the center bore, which is designated as a
datum feature.

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 MEASURING PRINCIPLE

• To fit a suitable mandrel in the datum feature

• Set two indicators with Master Gages to Zero reading
• Rotate the mandrel with component in V-block
• The difference of the reading gives the concentricity

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EFFECTS OF ERRORS OF CONCENTRICITY

 Figure A theoretical Perfect form

 Both indicators read Zero-Zero as the part is revolved

 Figure B represents eccentric part
 The upper indicator read –0.05 and lower indicator read
+0.05 when revolved by 90deg both indicators return to zero
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 EFFECTS OF ERRORS OF CONCENTRICITY

 Figure C represents a oval part

 Both indicators read 0.12
 when revolve by 90deg. Both indicators return to zero
 Figure D represents a three lobed part
 The upper indicator reads zero While the lower reads 0.1
(center is high by 0.05)
 when revolve by 60deg. The upper indicator reads –0.1 and lower one reads
zero (center is 0.05 low)
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 TWO-FEATURE DATUM

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 MEASURING WITH VEE-BLOCK

MEASURING WITH VEE-BLOCK

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CONCENTRICITY REFERENCED TO DATUM SYSTEM

 Tolerance zone is perpendicular to datum A and also concentric with

the axis of datum B in the plane of datum A
 The part is mounted on datum A and centered on datum B, and the job is
revolved while the controlled feature is contacted by two opposing
indicators.
 It should be noted that this tolerance automatically controls the
straightness of the centerline of the 25mm portion and its
perpendicularity with datum A within the same tolerance.
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