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Treatment
Technician Training
By Hamdani Bantasyam
Citeureup, 11-14 May’05
PURPOSE
1. PRESENTATION.
2. DISCUSSION.
3. QUESTION & ANSWER.
PAY-OFF
Suspended Solids
Colloidal Particles Coagulants
Color Wastewater Flocculants
Soluble Organics Emulsion Breakers
Dissolved Fe/Mn
Treatment
Precipitants
Hardness Bioaugmentors
Cooling Water Odor Control
Boiler Water
Raw Water Process Water Suspended/Colloidal Solids
Treatment Potable Water Soluble Organics
Other ( AOX, color, BOD)
Fats, Oils, and Greases
Inorganic Coagulants Heavy Metals
Organic Coagulants
Flocculants
BASIC WATER CHEMISTRY
BASIC WATER CHEMISTRY
Sumber air
1. AIR PEMUKAAN 2. AIR TANAH
Contoh : Sungai & Danau - Dissolved Solid Tinggi
- Dissolved Solid Rendah - Suspended Solid rendah
- Suspended Solid Tinggi - Iron & Mn Tinggi
- Kualitas berubah sesuai musim (kemarau/hujan) - O2 rendah, mengandung gas sulfida
- Kualitas konstan
Contaminants
Ultrafiltration Evaporation
Electrodialysis
Proses Water Treatment
Time to Total
Particle Typical Settle Surface
Diameter Particle One Foot Area**
1. KOAGULASI (MIXING)
2. FLOKULASI
3. PENGENDAPAN
++ + +
+ + ++ +
+
+ ++ +
+ + +
Colloidal Neutralized Destabilized
Haze System Particles
PROSES FLOKULASI
A FLOC
Flokulasi - Bridging
- - CLAY -
-CLAY
- -
- - - -
+
COAGULANT FLOCCULATED
CLAY
CLAY CLAY
+ FLOCCULANT
Mekanisme Koagulasi & Flokulasi
NO COAGULANT FLOCCULANT
TREATMENT ADDED ADDED
HASIL TREATMENT TERBAIK
• Pemilihan product yang TEPAT
• Sistem injeksi yang TEPAT (Make-up &
Distribution System)
• Aplikasi yang SESUAI
• Automation
• Program Management
• Technical Service
• Trouble - shooting Support
• Operator Training
Pertimbangan :
• Dosis Flocculant berdasarkan JAR TEST.
• TINGKAT KEJERNIHAN yang di BUTUHkan oleh sistem
• Operating cost yang MASUK AKAL
• Kondisi & jenis Clarifier
• Pertimbangan SLUDGE
• Dll
Secara Umum :
Dosis tinggi = ukuran floc besar = Pengendapan cepat =
Hasil jernih
COAGULANT
1ml 1ml
FLOCCULANT
1ml 1ml
Increasing Anionicity
Very High
Moderate to High
Moderate
Slight
Nonionic
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Effect pH thd Flocculant Performance
Moderately Highly
Nonionic Anionic Anionic
pH Polymer Polymer Polymer
4 64 285 750
6 74 32 325
8 71 18 200
9.5 145 20 24
11 158 24 18
~14 ~400 200 15
100
DOSE (ppm)
Coagulant Demand
50
0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
SLURRY pH
3
2
1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
FERROUS ION CONCENTRATION (ppm)
5
4
RATIO
3
2
1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
CaCo3 CONCENTRATION (ppm)
5
0
250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0
• Selalu gunakan air dengan hardness rendah (< 300 ppm), pH = 6-9
Besi < 1 ppm, temperature < 43 Celcius.
Polymer
Water Fp + Aw
Poor where Fp + Ap
< 1
Polymer
Water
Fp + Aw
Adequate where
Fp + Ap
= 1
Polymer
Water
Fp + Aw
Good where
Fp + Ap > 1
0.005%
16
14
12
Settling Rate (inches/min)
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
TUJUAN/FUNGSI UTAMA
Menurunkan level Calcium & Carbonate Alkalinity
ke saturation point
TUJUAN/FUNGSI TAMBAHAN
Mengurangi magnesium level
Mengurangi total dissolved solids
Mengurangi silica levels
Penjernihan air
Minerals Unit A B C D E
Safety Factor – Calcium ppm CaCO3 462 502 508 944 93
Dosis LIME 10% Magnesium ppm CaCO3 61 61 55 55 55
di atas dosis teo- Sodium ppm CaCO3 205 205 205 205 205
Iron (Fe2+) ppm CaCO3 0.072 0.072 0.072 0.072 0.072
ritis. Jadi, dosis Iron (Fe3+) ppm CaCO3 1.991 1.991 1.991 1.991 1.991
LIME yg dire- Aluminum ppm CaCO3 7.73 7.73 7.73 7.73 7.73
Mangan ppm CaCO3 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67
komendasi adl Copper ppm CaCO3 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.047
393 ppm. Total Cations : ppm CaCO3 738.51 778.51 778.51 1214.51 363.51
• Mengapa ?
• Membunuh MB untuk menghindari biofouling
di clarifier (cold lime softener)
• Meng oksidasi soluble organic, soluble Fe dan
Mn
• Chemical : Sodium Hypo (NaOCl)
EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS
• Conventional Clarifiers
• Solids Contact Clarifiers
IDEAL SETTLING BASIN
(4 HYPOTHETICAL ZONES)
Inlet Zone -> Settling Zone -> Sludge Zone -> Outlet Zone
Clarifier
CONVENTIONAL CLARIFIERS