Introduction of

Industrial Power Plant ME116P

INDUSTRIAL POWER PLANT
ENGINEERING

WEEK 1
2018-2019/3T

Prepared by:
Engr. Manuel B. Rustria
February 2019
 Differentiate industrial plant from a central power plant station.
 Define industrial plant engineering and explain the basic design
concepts of industrial plant systems and equipment.
 Enumerate the roles of mechanical engineers in an industrial
plant. (CO1)
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 Industrial plants are
buildings on
industrial labor.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing
plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings
and machinery, or more commonly a complex having
several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or
operate machines processing one product into another.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 Factories arose with the introduction of machinery during
the Industrial Revolution when the capital and space
requirements became too great for cottage industry or
workshops.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 Early factories that contained small amounts of
machinery, such as one or two spinning mules, and fewer
than a dozen workers have been called “glorified
workshops.”
 Most modern factories have large warehouses or
warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy equipment
used for assembly line production.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 Large factories tend to be located with access to multiple
modes of transportation with some having rail highway
and water loading and unloading facilities.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 Factories may either make discrete products of some type
of material continuously produced such as chemicals,
pulp and paper or refined oil products.
 Factories manufacturing chemicals are often called plants
and may have most of their equipment – tanks, pressure
vessels, chemical reactors, pumps and piping – outdoors
and operated from control rooms.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 Oil refineries have most of their equipment outdoors.
 Discrete products may be final consumer goods, or parts
and sub-assemblies which are made into final products
elsewhere.
 Factories may be supplied parts from elsewhere or make
them from raw materials.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 Continuous production industries typically use heat or
electricity to transform streams of raw materials into
finished products.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR
FACTORY)
 The term mill originally referred to the milling of grain,
which usually used natural resources such as water or
wind power until those were displace by steam power in
the 19th century.
 Because many processes like spinning and weaving, iron
rolling, and paper manufacturing were originally powered
by water, the term survives as in steel mill, paper mill, etc.
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR FACTORY)
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR FACTORY)
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR FACTORY)
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR FACTORY)
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR FACTORY)
INDUSTRIAL PLANT (OR MANUFACTURING PLANT OR FACTORY)
POWER STATION
 A power station, also referred to as a power
plant or powerhouse and sometimes generating
station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for
the generation of electric power.
 Most power stations contain one or more generators, a
rotating machine that converts mechanical
power into electrical power.
POWER STATION
 The relative motion between a magnetic field and
a conductor creates an electrical current.
 The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies
widely.
 Most power stations in the world burn fossil fuels such
as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity.
POWER STATION
 Others use nuclear power, but there is an increasing use
of cleaner renewable sources such as solar, wind, wave
and hydroelectric.
POWER STATION
 Others use nuclear power, but there is an increasing use
of cleaner renewable sources such as solar, wind, wave
and hydroelectric.
POWER STATION
POWER STATION
POWER STATION
POWER STATION
POWER STATION
POWER STATION
 Physical objects all came into being through the creative
application of technology.
 These everyday inventions did not miraculously appear
but originated in the minds of human beings and took
time to develop.
 Engineering is the creative process of turning abstract
ideas into physical representations (products or systems).
 What distinguishes engineers from painters, poets, or
sculptors is that engineers apply their creative energies to
producing products or systems that meet human needs.
 This creative act is called design.
 Engineering is the creative process of turning abstract
ideas into physical representations (products or systems).
 What distinguishes engineers from painters, poets, or
sculptors is that engineers apply their creative energies to
producing products or systems that meet human needs.
 This creative act is called design.
 Most engineering designs can be classified as inventions-
devices or systems that are created by human effort and
did not exist before or are improvements over existing
devices or systems.
 Inventions, or designs, do not suddenly appear from
nowhere. They are the result of bringing together
technologies to meet human needs or to solve problems.
 Sometimes a design is the result of someone trying to do
a task more quickly or efficiently.
 Design activity occurs over a period of time and requires a
step-by-step methodology.
 Engineers primarily are problem solvers.
 What distinguishes design from other types of problem
solving is the nature of both the problem and the solution.
 Design problems are open ended in nature, which means
they have more than one correct solution.
 The result or solution to a design problem is a system that
possesses specified properties.
 Design problems are usually more vaguely defined than
analysis problems.
• “Determine the maximum height of a snowball given
an initial velocity and release height.” This is an
analysis problem because it has only one answer.
• "Design a device to launch a 1-pound snowball to a
height of at least 160 feet," this analysis problem
becomes a design problem.
• The solution to the design problem is a system having
specified properties (able to launch a snowball 160 feet),
whereas the solution to the analysis problem consisted of the
properties of a given system (the height of the snowball).
• The solution to a design problem is therefore open ended,
since there are many possible devices that can launch a
snowball to a given height.
• The original problem had a single solution: the maximum
height of the snowball, determined from the specified initial
conditions.
 Solving design problems is often an iterative process: As
the solution to a design problem evolves, refining the
design continues.
THE DESIGN PROCESS
 The five steps used for solving design problems are:
1. Define the problem
2. Gather pertinent information
3. Generate multiple solutions
4. Analyze and select a solution
5. Test and implement the solution
 The first step in the design process is the problem
definition.
 This definition usually contains a listing of the product or
customer requirements and specially information about
product functions and features among other things.
 In the next step, relevant information for the design of
the product and its functional specifications is obtained
 A survey regarding the availability of similar products in
the market should be performed at this stage.
 Once the details of the design are clearly identified, the
design team with inputs from test, manufacturing, and
marketing teams generates multiple alternatives to
achieve the goals and the requirements of the design.
 Considering cost, safety, and other criteria for selection,
the more promising alternatives are selected for further
analysis.
 Detail design and analysis step enables a complete study
of the solutions and result in identification of the final
design that best fits the product requirements.
 Following this step, a prototype of the design is
constructed and functional tests are performed to verify
and possibly modify the design.
 When solving a design problem, others may find at any
point in the process that they need to go back to a
previous step.
 The solution chosen may prove unworkable for any
number of reasons and may require redefining the
problem, collecting more information, or generating
different solutions.
 This continuous iterative process is represented in the
following Figure.
THE DESIGN PROCESS
 Oil and Gas
 Oil and Gas
Automotive Industry
Automotive Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Main Sectors Industry in Europe
Main Sectors Industry in Europe
END.