What are cells?

 What is a cell?
 Where do we find cells?
 Cell: a cell is a basic unit of structure and
function of life. In other words, cells
make up living things and carry out
activities that keep a living thing alive.
 Cells Continued
 What makes a cell?
 A cell is a living thing.
 Cells are able to make more cells like
themselves.
 Interesting fact! New cells can only come from
existing cells (cells that are already made).
 HISTORY
 In the 1660s there was a man named Robert
Hooke. Robert lived in Britain and was a
scientist. He was the first person to observe
cells.
 Robert took a piece bark from an old oak tree
and looked at it through a microscope.
 Continued
 The bark looked like it was made up of
many small rooms (kind of like a house
with many bedrooms). He named the
rooms, or structures, he saw under the
microscope cells.
 THIS IS HOW THE WORD CELLS
CAME TO BE.
 The Animal Cell
 Animals are made up of many different
types of cells.
 Please note: Not all animal cells contain
all the same structures.
Animal Cell
Animal Cell terms/Structures
 Cell membrane: The cell
membrane surrounds the cell.
 Think of the membrane as a
gatekeeper, it only allows some
materials to pass through, but
keeps others out.
 Cytoplasm: This is a gel-
like fluid, that takes up most of
the space inside a cell.
 Cytoplasm kind of looks like
 Nucleus: The nucleus is a structure usually
located near the center of the cell.
 The nucleus is a home to the cell’s
chromosomes. What are chromosomes
you ask?
 Chromosomes: They are genetic
structures that contain information to make new
cells. Basically, the instructions for how to make
new cells.
 Nuclear membrane: This surrounds
and protects the nucleus. The nucleus has
its own protector.
 Nucleolus: This structure is found
inside the nucleus. It is responsible for
making ribosomes
 Ribosomes
Smallest organelles and are found either
embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum or
floating freely in the cytoplasm
Most ribosomes function in the synthesis
of proteins. Many of these proteins are
used to create parts of the cell
 Vacuoles: These are fluid-filled structures
used to store different substances. In animal
cells there are often many small vacuoles.
 Mitochondria: “Powerhouses” of the
cell.
 This is a very important structure. They help
take the food the cell ate (for breakfast, lunch,
or dinner), and turn the it into energy. The
energy is needed to carry out activities.
 Endoplasmic reticulum and
ribosomes:
• These 2 structures work together
producing important products for the cell.
Think of the endoplasmic reticulum as a
mailman, delivering things throughout the
cell.
Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER )
passageway for material moving through the cell.
Series of channels that are found throughout the
cytoplasm of the cell. The surfaces of these
channels provide space for important chemical
reactions and help move chemicals to their proper
destination
 Golgi bodies: These help package
products in the cell and then give them
out around the cell.
 Lysosomes
" suicide sacs “
small structures that
contain enzymes which are
used in digestion.
if a lysosome were to burst
it could destroy the cell
 The Plant Cell
 Plants cells have all of the structures that
animal cells do. But they also have some
structures that the animal cell does not.
 Plant cells have a cell wall and
chloroplasts.
Plant Cell
The three new structures for a
plant cell
 Cell Wall: This wall provides extra support for the
cell and gives it a shape. In other words, if there was no
cell wall then the cell would have no shape.
 Chloroplasts: These make food for the plant.
They are green.
 Chorophyll: This is very important in making the
food for the plant. This structure takes in sunlight and
makes sugar for the plant to eat and become green.
THE END!!!