TURBINE

AND
AUXILIARIES
P R E S E N T E D B Y:
J AYA K R I S H N A N
 BASIC POWER PLANT
Introduction
OVERVIEW
Supercritical cycle technology has been deployed for
commercial power generation since the 1950s.

The original impetus for supercritical cycle development --

improved efficiency -- continues to be a key driver today.

The higher plant efficiencies achieved by supercritical steam

cycles translate directly into lower fuel costs and lower
emissions per kilowatt hours of energy produced.
 INTRODUCTION
T-S DIAGRAM FOR STEAM

Critical Temperature  373.946 °C

Critical Pressure  217.7 atm (22,060 kPa)
 Sub – Super – Ultra super Critical Cycle

Absolute Pressure Saturation Latent Heat

VARIATION
(Bar) Temperature (oC) (K J/Kg.)
OF
LATENT 50 264 1640
HEAT 150 342 1004
WITH 200 366 592
PRESSURE 221 374 0
 Latent Heat Addition in
Evaporator (constt. Pressure) Super Heating

T Sensible heat Addition in

E Economizer
M
P Adiabatic Expansion in
E Turbine
R L+V
A Pump Work
T
U
R
Constant Pressure Heat
E
Rejection in Condenser

ENTROPY

BASIC RANKINE CYCLE (SUB-CRITICAL)

 T - S DIAGRAM

OUTPUT INCREASE D
0
Temperature (

Dr
y
er

Sa
at

tu
W
B C

ra
ng

te
ili
C)

d
Bo

St
ea
E

m
24’0c
A F

-273
0
Entropy KJ / Kg K
METHODS OF INCREASING RANKINE CYCLE
EFFICIENCY

1. RAISING SUPPLY TEMPERATURE BY SUPER HEATING

2. RAISING INLET PRESSURE OF STEAM

3. REHEAT CYCLE

4. REGENERATIVE HEATING

5. DROPPING THE FINAL PRESSURE (OR TEMPERATURE)

AT WHICH HEAT IS REJECTED
 Sipat super critical Power Plant

Boiler type : Super Critical Once Through Boiler

Draft System : Balanced Draft

Firing System : Tilting tangential corner burner firing

Evaporator : Spiral / vertical wall Pressure  SH: 256 ksc

RH:50.17 ksc
Pulverizer : 10 Bowl mills.

Fuel : Indian Bituminous Coal. Temperature  SH: 540 oC

RH: 568 oC
Operating Mode : Sliding Pressure Operation
Steam Flow  SH: 2225 T/hr
RH: 1743 T/hr

FW Temp.  :291 oC
 New features of 660 MW units
Constructional features

Operational features

Lube oil system

Governing system

Feed water system

Turbine Auxiliaries
 Specifications
 Make OJSC Power machines, Russia
 Design LMZ, Russia
 Type K-660-247
Four Cylinder, tandem
compound, Reheat, Condensing Turbine
Spring deck foundation
 Stages HPT, reverse flow, 17 (1-control
stage,16 Reaction stages)
IPT 11 X 2 impulse stages.
LPT 2 nos. - 5 X 2 impulse stages.
 No of HP Control Valve 4
 No of IP Intercept valves 2
 No of IP Governing valves 4
 Over all length of turbine 35.8 Mtr
 Direction of Rotation Clockwise (Viewed from front
pedestal towards Generator)
 Main features
 Turbine: HPT, IPT, LPT1 and LPT2
 Two condensers for Main Turbine
 TG Bearings: 12
 Turbine Stop Valves: 04 (HPSV-1&2, IPSV-1&2)
 Turbine Control Valves: 08 (4 HPCV & 4 IPCV)
 CRH Check Valves: 02 ( With Bypass lines for warm up)
 IP Turbine has throttle governing – all four control valves open
simultaneously
 HP Turbine has nozzle governing – all four control valves open in preset
sequence
 LP heaters – 1a, 1b, 2, 3 & 4
 HP heaters – 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, 8A & 8B
 Steam coolers – one each for HPH 6A & 6B
 2 MDBFP (2 X 35%)
 2 TDBFP (2 X 65%)
 Separate condensers and vacuum pumps for TDBFPs
Turbine Layout

15
 Operational features
 Turbine rolling by IPT

 HPC & IPC flange heating system

 IP Turbine rotor cooling system

 Turbine motorized barring gear

 Jacking oil for bearing shell & rotor

 No MOP

 Separate governing box in front pedestal

 High pressure governing system

 Pressurized damper tanks with no separate air / h2 seal oil pumps

 HP / LP Bypass control system similar to 500 MW unit HP Bypass

system
 Stages in cylinders

HPC..........(1 control stage + {8+8 reactive})................17

IPC..............................................................................11x2

LPC.............................................................................
(5x2)x2

TOTAL..........................................................................59

TOTAL Bearings ----12

HPBP : 65% capacity LPBP : 65% capacity

 HP Turbine
 Reverse flow turbine (1 – 9 stages: left flow, 10 -17 stages:
right flow)
 17 stages (1 control stage + 16 reaction stages.
 Type of Casing: Horizontally split inner & outer casing
 Four main steam inlet and two cold reheat outlet
 No balance drum / balance piston arrangement
 Extraction steam from HP Casing in 13th stage to HP
Heater # 8.
 Stationary blades are fixed in casing. No diaphragms in
HPT
 Flange heating system from HRH source.
 HP Cylinder

1+8+8 stages

HPC
Rear

HPC
Front

19
 IP Turbine
 Double flow turbine (2 X 11 stage)

 Type of Casing: Horizontally split inner & outer casing

 All four HRH steam inlet from bottom side

 IP Turbine stationary blades (1st & 2nd stages) cooling

system from CRH & HRH source.

 Flange heating system from HRH source.

 Stationary blades are fixed in diaphragms

IP Cylinder

2X 11 stages

22
IP Turbine
 LP Turbine # 1 & 2

No of LP Turbine: 2
Type of turbine cylinders: Double flow

Type of Casing: Horizontally split inner & outer casing

No of Stages: 2 X 5 (impulse)

Last Stage Blade height: 1000 mm

Extraction Steam at 2nd stage & 4th Stage

Last stage – locking shrouded blades with lacing wire

 LP Cylinder

2X 5 stages
LPC1,LPC2

25
LP Turbine
 Turbine Extractions

Ext. Ext. location Consumer Qty. of Steam parameter in Ext.

No After the stage Ext. steam Chamber
(t/hr)
Abs. Pr. Temperature. oC/
(ksc) Relative humidity %

1 13th stage of HPT HPH-8 146.8 72.42 352.5

2 CRH HPH-7 177.1 48.0 298.5
3 3rd stage of IPT HPH-6 * 78.9 22.84 470.3
3 3rd stage of IPT TDBFP 39.4 22.84 470.3
4 6th stage of IPT DEA 52.2 12.32 381.9
5 8th stage of IPT LPH-4 75.2 6.58 299.9
6 11th stage of IPT LPH-3 113.9 3.13 214.5
7 2nd stage of LPT LPH-2 47.3 0.657 0.95%
8 4th stage of LPT LPH-1 34.6 0.277 4.48%
* After passing through De-super heater of HPH-6
 HP Turbine IP Turbine LP Turbine # 1 LP Turbine # 2
540ºC 247 KSc 298ºC 47.9 KSc 565ºC 43.1 KSc
MS CRH HRH
Governing
Box

349ºC 68.8 KSc

LPH#1a
LPH#1 LPH#1b
LPH#1
CRH

HPH#8A
Deareator
HPH#7A LPH#4
HPH#8B

HPH#7B
LPH#3

Steam cooler

LPH#2

HPH#6A HPH#6B
 TG LUBE OIL SYSTEM

Lube oil system provides :

 Oil supply to turbine and generator bearings in all turbine operation

modes , including emergency oil supply to turbine set bearings incase of
aux. power supply loss.
 Maintenance of oil temp and pressure before bearings within limits.
 Maintenance of oil quality.
 Extraction of air dissolved in oil.
 Oil supply to jacking oil pump suction and generator seal oil system.
 TG LUBE OIL SYSTEM

GENERATOR
ECT
LPC2 LPC1 IPC HPC

LUBE OIL SUPPLY HEADER

LUBE OIL RETURN HEADER VAP.EX.FAN

M M

VAPOUR LINE
OIL TRAP

PCV

COOLER B
COOLER A
FROM TOP UP OIL TANK

FROM SEAL OIL SYSTEM

FROM PURIFIER UNIT
FILTRATION
UNIT
M M M M
HEATER

DUPLEX
FILTER A
M

MOP A MOP B EOP A EOP B

R/C PUMP
TO JACKING OIL SYSTEM

M MAIN OIL TANK

TO PURIFIER UNIT
TO SEAL OIL SYSTEM

DUPLEX
FILTER B

TO TRANSFER PUMP
DMCW
INLET DMCW O/L
TO EOT
 TG Lube oil system
 Lube oil system shall be in operation from the moment of
the unit start and till the cylinder metal cooling down to
150 0C after turbine tripping
 Lube oil system is stopped by operator if
 The turbine is tripped (SVs closed & Generator disconnected
from the grid)
 Barring gear is switched off
 HPC & IPC metal temperature is less than 170 0C
 Turbine speed is Zero RPM.
 Vapor fan is stopped after 15 min.
 Turbine Bearings
Bearings
 HPT Front N1 (Multi wedge Tilting type JB)
 HPT Rear N2 (Multi wedge Tilting type JB)
 IPT Front (TB) N3
 IPT Rear N4
 LPT-1 Front N5
 LPT-1 Rear N6
 LPT-2 Front N7
 LPT-2 Rear N8
 Generator Front N9
 Generator Rear N10
 Exciter Front N11
 Exciter Rear N12
Lube oil supply HPC FRONT BRG

Lube oil return

Vapor
exhauster
line
BEARING PEDESTAL CONNECTIONS

Lube oil
supply

Vapour
exhauster

Lube oil
return line
 Barring gear
 Barring speed 1.05 rpm
 Installed in the bearing between
Brg No.4 & Brg No.5
 Cut in 800 rpm / cut out 1200
rpm
 Components:
 Barring gear motor
 3-stage reducer and free wheel
clutch (on turbine rotor)
 For Hand barring special
handle is provided at first
stage of Reduction gear. (15-
20 min by 180 deg manually)
 Reduction gear & Free wheel clutch system

Hand drive for hand barring

Barring gear motor
(30 KW, 735 rpm,)

1
Reduction gears
(3 stages)
2
Free wheel clutches

3
Rotor shaft, 1.05 rpm
 TG ROTOR JACKING OIL SYSTEM

GENERATOR LPC 2 LPC 1 IPC HPC

BRG10 BRG2 BRG1

BRG9 BRG6 BRG4 BRG3
BRG8 BRG7 BRG5

H= 120 ksc

FROM MOT
M M
AC ROTOR DC ROTOR
JOP JOP

LUBE OIL COOLER OUT LET

 TG ROTOR JACKING OIL SYSTEM

Oil outlet
points

r
Rotor Jacking oil
Rotor

Oil inlet from JOP discharge header

 TG BEARING JACKING OIL SYSTEM
GENERATOR

LPC 2 LPC 1 IPC HPC

BRG10 BRG2 BRG1

BRG9 BRG6 BRG4 BRG3
BRG8 BRG7 BRG5
ORIFICE
BEARING
HOUSING

Jop Discharge header

FROM MOT
M

AC BRG.
JOP

JOP suction Header FROM OUT LET OF COOLER

 Bearing jacking oil
 During turbine start-up and unit load

variation conditions the rotor neck

displacement occurs in the bearing
inserts.
 To level the position relative to the

rotor necks the bearing jacking oil

pump starts.
 The rotor neck displacement(X-Y) in

the inserts < 0.1mm Bearing JOP

stops.
 No Standby Bearing JOP.
Bearing jacking oil
 GOVERNING SYSTEM
 High pressure governing & a very compact governing & a

concealed governing.
 High pressure governing : Advantages: Faster response of

systems & smaller sizes of the systems

 Disadvantages: leakages from seals & failure of devices.

 Governing block located at turbine bearing pedestal no. 1

 Electro Hydraulic governing only

 4 Nos HP control valves , 4 Nos IP control valves with individual

EHCs ie 8NOS. of EHC
 HPT – Nozzle governing , IPT – Throttle Governing
 COMPONENTS OF 660 GOVERNING SYSTEM
 Oil supply
 Spring loaded Accumulator
 Governing block
 EHC (Electro hydraulic converter)
 Stop valve servomotors
 Control valve servomotors
 Pilot valves
 Extraction stop v/v
 CRH FCNRVs.
 CF regeneration system – Resin based Vacuum dehydrator
cum filtration units
 FROM GOV BOX

VAP.EX.FAN ACCUMULATOR

M M

FROM CF PURIFIER
CF SEPARATOR

FROM CLEAN CF TANK

FROM GOV 
SYSTEM
M

CF PUMP A

DUPLEX FILTER

MAIN CF TANK
   V= 6.9 M3

CF PUMP B

TO CF PURIFIER

CF TRANSFER PUMP
M
M CF COOLER TO
DRAIN
HEADER
TO CF DRAIN TANK

TO CF DRAIN TANK

TO CLEAN CF TANK
NON­STABILIZED 
STABILIZED PR. LINE PR. LINE
SCHEME OF 660 
MW  Governing 
System
 GOVERNING BOX
 Location : Bearing pedestal 1.
 Components in governing box
 Control gear
 Over speed governor
 Trip solenoids
 Test electromagnets
 Manual trip buttons.
 Intermediate shaft.
 Intermediate shaft lever.
 Pressure limiting device.
 Test valve.
 Control gear

Intermediate
shaft lever

Test valve

GOVERNING BOX
GOVERNING BOX

To SV

To EHC

Stabilized oil (50 ksc)
 CONTROL GEAR
 Acts like a starting device.

 Inlet supply : 50 ksc stabilized oil from pump.

 It generates oil for

1. Resetting (cocking) of overspeed

governor(OG) slide valve(50 ksc).
2. Line of protection (50 ksc) to OG & trip
solenoids
3. Signal oil for stop valve (50 ksc) via OG.

4. Control line to EHC through pressure limiter

(35 ksc).
 The generation of oil carried out while rotating

Control gear from its position 00 to 900 either

by operator command or hand wheel.
 OVERSPEED GOVERNOR
 Heart of governing system.

 Main purpose to cut in & cutoff

signal oil supply to all S.V.

 Ensures draining of S.V signal oil
OG2 OG1
and EHC signal oil at the time
turbine protection action.
 Signal oil enters in 111% OG and

comes out from 110% OG.

 In case of protection oil is drained,

results pressure drop in protection

line and due to pressure in cocking 110% OVERSPEEDING
line & Inlet SV line OG pilot valve
moves down which cuts the oil
supplying to S.V & EHC and 111% OVERSPEEDING
connects it to drain.
ONE SET OF MS STOP & CONTROL V/V

STABILISED 
OIL(50ksc)

CONTROL OIL 
FOR EHC(35ksc)

CONTROL OIL 
FOR STOP V/V
  UNSTABLISED     CONTROL 
OIL STREAM OIL FOR 
CRH NRVS
 HP STOP VALVE IP STOP VALVE

Tie rods Drain  Pilot v/v

oil above 
piston

Drain oil 
above piston

Head oil I/L
Head oil I/L to 
servomotor
 HP CONTROL VALVE

FEED BACK 
CAM LEVERS
ATT 
LEVER

Control 
oil I/L

TIE 
RODS

Head oil I/L Drain port

Head oil 
I/L
 Seal oil system:

 In seal oil system, oil under pressure is supplied into

the clearance between sealing liner and rotor shaft and
make a continuous film, which prevent H2 escape from
generator.
 It is designed to supply oil to generator shaft system
and maintain the preset DP of oil-hydrogen in order to
prevent leakage from generator casing & under all
mode of operation.
 System parameters:

 Rated Hydrogen pressure 4.0 Ksc

 Permissible H2 pressure deviation ± 0.2 Ksc
 Maximum H2 permissible pressure 5.0 Ksc
 Seal oil to Hydrogen DP 0.6-0.9Ksc
 Axial clearance 0.5-1mm.
 Radial clearance 0.1-.13mm
 Components of seal oil system

 Pumps
 Oil cooler
 Oil filters
 DPRV
 Damper tanks
 Hydraulic seal
 Seal box
 Vapour exhaust fan.
Seal Oil System Overview
DAMPER TANK DAMPER TANK
(TE) (EE)

TG SHAFT SEALS

TE EE DPR
BYPASS BYPASS

H2 SIDE

H2 SIDE
SIDE

SIDE
AIR

AIR
BYPASS
VEF-A VEF-B FILTE
R
SO
IMPULSE MAGNETI
FILTER-B
M M TO DPR C
FILTER-B

H2 IMPULSE
TO DPR
OVERFLOW

SEPARATOR
MAGNETI
FILTER-A
C
FILTER-A

R/C LINE
MOT

BYPASS
M
AC SOP-A
V

COOLER-
A
M
AC SOP-B
M M

ECW I/L
COOLER-
B DC SOP M
M

M
HYDRO SEAL
TANK ECW O/L
 Sealing pumps
Total 3 nos. of screw type pump ( 2 AC + 1DC) with only
one pump in running condition.
Installed location : Zero meter below MOT.
Suction is taken from turbine main oil tank.
Pressure relief valve is used to control the discharge pressure
of pump.
Standby pump (AC) takes automatically start only when :
 Emergency tripping of working pump.

 Oil pressure of working line decreased by P-1.5 ksc.

Emergency pump (DC) takes automatically start when :

 If both pumps (ac) stops.

 Oil pressure of line decreased by P-2.5 ksc, where P is the

rated pressure.
 Pump design data

AC motor driven pump DC driven (Emergency)

Number 2 x 100% 1 x 100%

Output (m3 /hr) 21 21

Head (mWcol) 120 210

Inlet pressure (mWcol) 1.5 1.5

Power (KW) 15 30
 DPRV
It is used to maintain automatically oil/H2 DP at front
and rear seals of generator.
Maintained DP = 0.6-0.9 ksc.
Oil flow rate on both side of generator : 300 L/min.
No. of DPRV = 1.
Installed location : 17 m.
DP is maintained by throttling not by draining.
Bypass line is provided in case of failure of DPR and
during initial charging.
Impulse line is taken from
 H2 pressure of exciter side.
 Supply oil pressure of exciter side.
 t
utle
PRo
D
 Damper tank

 Designed for oil supply to front and back generator shaft seals with
drop , also to seal at short interruption in oil supply.
 Installed location : 6m height from generator axis.

DAMPER TANK DAMPER TANK

(TE) (EE)

DPR
BYPASS BYPASS

BYPASS
FILTE
R
SO
Seal oil to Gen seal from IMPULSE MAGNETI
Damper Tank FILTER-B
TO DPR C
FILTER-B

Hydrogen Pressure impulse

line to DPR and damper
tank

Damper Tank Overflow to

Hydro Seal Tank
Seal Ring
Housing

Outlet
SHAFT SEAL chamber
 POWER PLANT CYCLE
The Working fluid is Water.
Working principle is based on the Modified Rankine
Cycle ( With Single Re- Heat )

The closed cycle consists of three intermediate

cycles:
Condensate cycle

Feed Water Cycle

Steam Cycle
 POWER PLANT CYCLE

The Working fluid is Water.

Working principle is based on the Modified Rankine
Cycle ( With Single Re- Heat )

The closed cycle consists of three intermediate

cycles:
Condensate cycle

Feed Water Cycle

Steam Cycle
 CONDENSATE SYSTEM

HOTWELL 1 HOTWELL 2
DEAERATOR

Condense
Recircula
tion to
LPH 4 LPH 3 LPH 2

r
CEP-A CEP-B CEP-C

LPH1.2
DRIP P/P-A

LPH1.1
DRIP P/P-B

CPU

GSC
Components of condensate system

Hotwell
CEP
GSC
CPU
LP Heaters
Drip Pump
Deaerator
 HOTWELL
It ensures the condensate level in condenser required
for NPSH of CEP
+1.7m Hotwell High-High level
+1.6m High Level
+1.5m Normal Level
+1.3m Low Level
+1.2m Low-Low Level
+1m Bottom Level
Hotwell capacity b/w Low-Low level and Normal level
64cu.m
Normal makeup from DM makeup p/p
Emergency makeup from CST p/p
 CEP
3 nos. (2 working + 1 Standby)
Installed at -2.07m
Motor - 3.3KV, 1100kW, 229 A
Pump - 859T/hr, 32.15ksc
Min flow 215T/hr
Type of Seal/Seal Water requirement : Gland
Packing/0.015cu.m/hr at 3ksc
No. of stages 6
 GLAND STEAM
CONDENSER
Shell and Tube Vertical heat exchanger installed at
+8.5m
Min/Max flow 440/1494.64T/hr
Air steam mixture at GSC inlet 4790kg/hr at 263.57
deg C/0.97ksc
Two nos. exhaust fans
 CPU
Consists of 4 units out of which 3 units working and 1
standby
Provided with automatic bypass v/v which operates
according to DP across i/l & o/l hdr.
CPU outlet
pH 7.5 (6-10)
Cation conductivity 0.1 µmho/cm (0-1)
Na+ 2µg/kg (0-50)
Specific Conductivity 0.1µmho/cm (0-10)
Chloride 2ppb
 LP HEATERS
LPH-1 (LPH1-1,LPH1-2)
Built in exhaust hood of condenser and operating in
parallel
Extraction from LPT 4th stage (2*17.3T/hr) at
0.277ksc and 68deg C
Drip directly goes to condenser
Condensing zone
LPH-2
Extraction from LPT 2nd stage(47T/hr) at 0.657ksc
and 89deg C
Normal Drip goes back to condensate system
through drip pumps and alternate drip goes to
condenser
Condensing zone
LPH-3
Extraction from IPT 11th stage (flow 114T/hr) at 3.13ksc
and 216deg C
Normal drip goes to LPH-2 and alternate drip goes to
condenser
Condensing and Sub-cooling zone
LPH-4
Extraction from IPT 8th stage (flow 75T/hr) at 6.58ksc
and 300deg C
Normal drip goes to LPH-3 and alternate drip goes to
condenser
De-superheating, Condensing, and Sub-cooling zone
 DRIP PUMP

Motor 310kW 3.3 KV

Pump Capacity 336cu.m/hr at 26ksc pr.
Inlet temperature 89 deg C
Seal Water 0.7cu.m/hr at 2.7ksc
No. of stages 5
Min flow required 84cu.m/hr
 DEAERATOR

Condensate deaeration and heating

Feedwater storage to makeup imbalance b/w
feedwater flow an turbine main condensate flow
under transient operating conditions
Normal level 2475mm(from bottom)
Low level 882mm
Hi-Hi level 2681mm
Steam supply line to deaerator from APRDS,
CRH, and IP casing(3rd stage)
 FEED WATER SYSTEM
 The purpose of feed water system is to :

 Provide an adequate flow of properly heated and conditioned water

to the boiler.
 TO increase the pressure of condensate water for circulation through

boiler.
 Maintain feed storage level compatible with boiler load.

 Supply water to R/H & S/H attemperators, aux. steam desuperheater

for TDBFP, HP bypass desuperheater.

 For achieving higher thermodynamic η.
FROM
CONDENSA
TE SYSTEM
FEED
FST HPH 6 A/B HPH 7 A/B
PUMP

HPH 8 A/B FRS

TO BOILER

DE
SUPERHEATE
R
 FEED WATER SYSTEM
DEA
DESH DESH
HPH-6A HPH-6B

FRS
FST HPH
8A 8B

HPH

MD-A MD-B TD-A TD-B 7A 7B

6A
Recirculation
Line . To HPH
Condenser HPBP
Desh. 6B
 BOILER FEED PUMP

 In order the achieve the required pressure of feed water before

entering the boiler 4 horizontal barrel type, multistage pump are

located at 8.5m.
 The drive mechanism of the pump are of two type :

1. Motor driven feed pump

2. Turbine driven feed pump
 Boiler feed pump’s

 MDBFP’s ( 2 x 30 % )
 TDBFP’s ( 2 x 65 %)

BFP combintaion LOAD

02 TDBFP 100 %
01 TDBFP & 02 MDBFP 100%

01 TDBFP & 01 MDBFP 95%

01 TDBFP 65%
02 MDBFP 60%
01 MDBFP 30%
 MDBFP
 No of stages -07
 Tapping stage for RH spray -02
 Capacity- 769.95 T/hr
 Head- 3654.47 m
 Tapping flow & press – 48.12 T/hr , 112.2 ksc
 BP inlet/outlet- 14/21 ksc , 186.2 ºC
 Shut off head- 4830m
 Rated motor power -11.5 MW
 Full travel time of scoop tube- 8 sec
 Critical speeds – 8548/10122
 operating speeds-BP/MP- 1490/6275
 Min R/C flow -220 T/hr
 FST RH spray Hdr BFP Dish Hdr
Ammonia.
Hydrazine s
Oxygen

Boiler fill
pump

2nd 7th
stage stage
BP Strainer
cooling MAIN PUMP
system

From BFP warm

other up scheme
BP’s

Warm up line
 TDBFP
 No of stages-7
 Capacity- 1283.14 T/Hr
 Tapping flow & press – 80.12 T/hr , 113.7 ksc
 BP inlet/outlet- 14/28 ksc , 186.2 ºc
 Total head- 3654 m
 Rated speed MP/BP- 4678/2098
 Rated power -13.5 MW
 Min R/C flow -365 T/hr
 Critical speed of MP- 6086/7621
 TDBFP turbine
 No of stages -09

 Split casing design

 Dual steam admission

 Steam inlet – IPT-6th stage/ 21 ksc, 469 ºc.

 Steam flow -61.4 T/hr

 Operating speed- 4678 rpm

 Critical speeds – 1899/6196 rpm

 Throttle governing

 01 stop valve & 02 control valves

 STEAM SYSTEM OF TDBFP

 The steam system provide the steam for driving the TDBFP

under the normal operation and during start up.

 There are mainly three sources of steam supply to the turbine

unit
 From the extraction.

 TDBFP auxiliary header

 Main steam cross over pipe via pressure reducing and

desuperheating station.
 H P HEATERS

 These are shell and tube type of heat exchangers designed for

regenerative heating of feed water for increasing cycle

efficiency.
 The HP heaters are horizontal cylindrical vessels with dished

end with integrated desuperheating, condensing and sub

cooling section.
 They are called high pressure heater because of their relative

position in the circuit i.e. after boiler feed pump.

 Why heaters?
 The power plant steam cycle is based on Rankine cycle i.e. it

consist of two isentropic and two isobaric processes.

 Since the efficiency of Rankine cycle is very low therefore in

order to increase the efficiency following can be done:

 Lowering the condensing temperature and pressure

 Increasing the steam pressure

 increasing the superheating temperature

 Increasing the mean temperature of heat addition

 OPTIMIZATION OF NO. OF HEATER

0.45
0.4
0.35 η2 4
0.3
EFFICIENCY

η1
0.25 5
0.2
0.15
3
0.1 1
2
0.05
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NO. OF HEATERS
 PARTS OF HPH
 Desuperheating Zone: It is a type of separate heat exchanger

within the shell. This zone remove the superheat of the steam.
Because of high velocity condensation in this zone is
undesirable.
 Condensing Zone: This is the main part of feed heater. Large

volume of steam get condensed transferring most of the heat.

 Sub cooling Zone: This zone sub cool i.e. bring the temp. of

the drain below the saturated temp.

 HEATER PERFORMANCE
TTD = T SAT STEAM – T F OUTLET

DCA = T D OUTLET – T F INLET

 Heater Scheme
 The 660 mw unit consist of two identical heaters group each of

which contain 3 HPH and 1 Desuperheater.

 Each HPH is provided with motor operated shut off valve and

NRV on steam line.

 Feed water to HPH is supplied through feed pumps and after

heating goes to boiler.

 After HPH 8 some feed water is tapped to Desuperheater

upstream of the HPH 8 outlet valve and then it is return to

downstream of the valve.
ECO To TDBFP
INLET AUX PRDS
SPRAY

HPH-8A HPH-7A HPH-6A

TO SH
SPRAY

100 % 3-WAY
BYPASS VALVE

50% BYPASS

BFP dish
HPH-8A HPH-7A HPH-6A
header

HP bypass
spray
 BYPASS

Change over line

HP
HEATERS
FROM TO
BFP BOILER
close
DRAI
INITIA N
L FILL LINE
LINE TO DRAIN
close
 COOLING WATER SYSTEMS

CW PUMP :
Supplies Cooling water to the condenser tubes
aiding in condensation of steam
ACW:
Cools the Equipment cooling water in PHE.
TGECW:
Equipment cooling water
 5 7

Cooling T
3 4
LP Turbine

Water
6

Cycle
2

1
Heat Rejected 8
to condenser

S
CONDENSER

CW Pump House

Cooling
Tower

CT Basin CW Fore bay

 CONDENSER

CW SUPPLY LINES CW RETURN LINES FROM STATOR WATER

SYSTEM EJECTOR
FROM SG PHE
TO SG PHE

PHE#A
ACW P/P#A

SCS#A

PHE#B

ACW P/P#B

ACW P/P#C
SCS#B
PHE#C

TO STATOR WATER
SYSTEM EJECTOR

VACUUM PUMPS FOR TDBFPs’ CONDENSER VACUUM PUMPS FOR MAIN TURBINE CONDENSER
EMERGENCY
MAKE UP

NORMAL MAKE UP CONTROL FLUID COOLER

O/H TANK

MAIN TURBINE LUBE OIL COOLER

CEP
ECW ECW ECW
P/P A P/P B P/P C
SWAS

TDBFP A LUBE OIL COOLER

TDBFP B LUBE OIL COOLER

PHE A PHE B PHE C

EXCITER
AIR COOLER

HYDROEN
COOLER

STATOR
WATER
COOLER MDBFP A

SEAL OIL COOLER MDBFP B

TURBINE VACUUM SYSTEM
TG SEAL STEAM SYSTEM
 TURBINE SEAL STEAM SYSTEM SIPAT
M

SPRAY FROM CEPS

M
CRH
DESH-SEPARATOR

M
AUX
STEAM
M
M

M
M
M
FWSVDFT

LPFT

MAIN COND SYSTEM

LPFT
LPH-2 EXT
IPSV-2

STEAM
HPCV-2 M

CV-2 CV-4
HPSV-2

HPCV-4

HPT IPT LPT-1 LPT-2

HPCV-1

CV-1 CV-3
HPSV-1
M

HPCV-3
LPH-4 EXT D/A EXT
STEAM STEAM

LPFT IPSV-1
CRH CRH EXT
NRV-1 NRV-2 VLV TO
BFP &
HPH-6

TDBFP SEAL STEAM

SYSTEM
M

HRH

HRH FAN-A
GSC
D/A EXT
STEAM LPFT

STAGE – I TURBINE SCHEMES FAN-B

MAIN COND SYSTEM
 HPBP/LPBP SYSTEMS

HP Bypass in coordination with LP Bypass enables

boiler operation and loading independent of turbine
and this allows quick raising of steam parameters to
a level acceptable to turbine for rolling during
startup
Steam is bypassed from MS line to CRH line through
HP Bypass and from HRH line to condenser through
LP Bypass
 HP BYPASS SYSTEM
Phases of operation of HP Bypass:-
1. Boiler start-up with TG at standstill
2. Raising of steam parameters to a level
acceptable for TG rolling at a relatively faster
rate than otherwise is possible
3. Turbine loading while steam flow gets
transferred to the turbine
4. Parallel operation with turbine on load
rejection
5. Allowing boiler operation following turbine trip
out provided boiler load is less than 60 %
6. Preventing safety valve opening at raised steam
pressure hence reduces losses of steam to
atmosphere
HP BYPASS SYSTEM
 Mode of Operation

 HP Bypass intended to ensure reheater protection,

minimum superheater safety valve lifting under
emergency conditions and to retain the boiler under fire
in case of turbine load rejection
 Pressure control - Control system designed to maintain
steam pressure ahead of bypass valve to the given set
value
 Temperature control - Steam temperatures at the
downstream of valves are controlled automatically to the
given set value
 Operation of HP bypass station is manipulated by
pressure and temperature set points and is independent
of LP bypass operation
 LP BYPASS SYSTEM

 LP bypass bypasses steam from IPT & LPT to

condenser & maintain flow through RH

Function of LP bypass:-
1. To monitor the pressure in reheat system and to
control it under certain operating condition
2. The volume of steam not utilized by the IPT &
LPT during start up & shut down must pass
through condenser
 SIPAT
LP BYPASS SYSTEM
 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING FROM
LOAD REJECTION
Upon receiving load rejection signal from electrical system:
 Turbine Controller assumes control of the TG set and
initiates fast closure of HP & IP turbine control valves
through position controller
 Fast closure of turbine control valves cause an immediate
decrease in HP 1st Stage pressure
 Pressure increases in main and reheat steam systems
 These pressure changes are sensed by HP and LP Bypass
controllers
 Respective bypass valves are opened
 If LP steam- bypass system fails or the condenser cannot
accept LP bypass steam , Safety Valves open and dump
steam to atmosphere
THANK YOU

ANY QUERIES
 SIPAT
AUXILIARY STEAM SYSTEM
TURBINE HEATING FLANGES SIPAT

SYSTEM
 SIPAT
FEED WATER SYSTEM
TDBFP-A FEED WATER SYSTEM SIPAT
 SIPAT
MDBFP FEED WATER SYSTEM
 SIPAT
TDBFP LUBE OIL SYSTEM
 SPECIFICATION OF HEATERS
HPH 6A/B
PROPERTIES STEAM DRAIN WATER
CIRCULATING FLUID (T/Hr) 41.06 T 172.12T 1059.6

ENTHALPY INLET (Kcal/Kg) 726 229.53 196.5

ENTHAPLY OUTLET (Kcal/Kg) 214.74 220.95

TEMPERATURE INLET ( ºc ) 309.31 223.64 196.5

TEMPERATURE OUTLET ( ºc ) 200 200 213.57

PRESSURE (Ksc) 22.51 318.36

 HEATER 7 A/B
PROPERTIES STEAM DRAIN WATER

CIRCULATING FLUID (T/Hr) 93.185 78.94 1059.6

ENTHALPY INLET (Kcal/Kg) 700 277.42 220.95

ENTHAPLY OUTLET (Kcal/Kg) 229.53 265.95

TEMPERATURE INLET ( ºc ) 295.65 265.42 213.57

TEMPERATURE OUTLET ( ºc ) 223.64 223.64 255.4

PRESSURE (Ksc) 45.65 45.65

 HEATER 8 A/B
PROPERTIES STEAM WATER
CIRCULATING FLUID (T/Hr) 78.94 1059.6

ENTHALPY INLET (Kcal/Kg) 722 265.9

ENTHAPLY OUTLET (Kcal/Kg) 277.42 299.02

TEMPERATURE INLET ( ºc ) 265.42 284.6

TEMPERATURE OUTLET ( ºc ) 350.63 255.40

PRESSURE (KSc) 69.85 317.63

 STEAM EXTRACTION TABLE
EQUIPMENT TURBINE STEAM PRESSURE TEMP
STAGE QUANTITY (KSC) ( ºC )
(T/Hr)
HPH 8 13 STAGE HPC 146.2 72.42 352.5

HPH 7 CRH 177.1 46 298.5

DESUPER 3rd STAGE IPC 78.9 22.84 470.3
HEATER
HPH 6 FROM DS 78.9 22.64 309.31
TDBFP 3rd STAGE IPC 39.4 22.84 470.3
DEAREATOR 6th STAGE IPC 52.2 12.32 381.9