A Introduct

ction Research
ion to
Objectives:
• Understand the purpose of action research in
education
• Differentiate action research from formal
research
• Appreciate the importance of action research in
the teaching and learning process
 Activity
1. Form groups.
2. Discuss issues and concerns about
action research (5 minutes)
3. Post the output
4. Assign a rapporteur to tell about the
output and a group secretary to
document the discussion and record
outputs
 Activity
What I What I don’t What What I want
know about know about challenges to learn
Action Action me to do about
Research? Research? action Action
research? Research?
 ACTION RESEARCH IN EDUCATION
• Action Research does not mean a purpose of
promotion.
• Action research means to IMPROVE
performance not to PROVE validity and
reliability of a proposed project.
• Action Research should be based from
EVIDENCES rather than INTUITIVE
JUDGMENT.
 ACTION RESEARCH IN EDUCATION
(Classroom Context)

• Action Research should ensure QUALITY of

learning rather than QUANTITY of learners.
• Action Research should NOT be PERSON-
FOCUSED rather it should be PROCESSED-
FOCUSED.
• Action Research requires repetitive assessing,
planning, and acting phases and is continuous.
Classification of Research
According to Purpose
1. Historical Research – understanding and explaining
past events. This reconstruct the past objectively and
accurately and arrive at conclusions to anticipate
future events.
2. Descriptive research – involves collecting data in
order to test hypothesis or answer questions
concerning the current status of the subject of the
study. (questionnaire survey, interview or observation)
3. Correlation Research – attempts to determine to
what degree of relationship that exists between two or
more quantifiable variables. The purpose is to
investigate the extent to which variations based on
correlation coefficient.
4. Developmental research– investigates patterns
and sequences of growth an/or change as a function
of time. (Research and Development)
5. Case and Field Research– study the background,
current status and environmental interactions of a
given social unit, an individual, a group or community.
6. Causal-comparative or Ex-post facto research–
investigate possible cause and effect by observing
consequences and searching back through the data
for plausible causal factors
7. True Experimental Research– investigate possible
cause and effect relationship by exposing one or more
experimental groups to one or more treatment and
comparing multiple results from controlled and
uncontrolled variable. (1 year - Itaas,2010 )
8. Quasi-Experimental Research– used to
approximate conditions of the true experiment in a
setting. Only one experimental groups will be
compared to single results. (6 months – Itaas, 2010 &
Ortiz, 2011)
9. Action Research– an informal research
intended to develop new skills or new
approaches and to solve problems with the
direct application to the classroom or other
applied setting. Ortiz (2011) stated, it does not
require highly statistical treatment to conduct
classroom research. This research should be
learner-centered.
FORMAL RESEARCH vs. ACTION RESEARCH
Formal Action
Research Research
Training Needed Extensive Little
Goals Knowledge that is Results for
generalizable to a improving
wider audience practice in local
situation
FORMAL RESEARCH vs. ACTION RESEARCH
Formal Action
Research Research
Method of Review of Problems
Identifying previous research currently faced or
Problems findings and improvements
extensions of needed in a set of
them classrooms or
schools
FORMAL RESEARCH vs. ACTION RESEARCH
Formal Action
Research Research
Literature Review Extensive inquiry Some primary
into all research sources but also
previously use of secondary
conducted on this sources plus what
topic using practitioners are
primary sources doing in schools
THANK YOU…
FORMAL RESEARCH vs. ACTION RESEARCH

Formal Action
Research Research
Research Design Rigorous and Flexible, quick
controls over long time frame,
periods control through
triangulation
FORMAL RESEARCH vs. ACTION RESEARCH
Formal Action
Research Research
Approach Deductive Inductive
Reasoning – Reasoning –
theory to observations,
hypothesis to data patterns,
to confirmation interpretations,
recommendation
FORMAL RESEARCH vs. ACTION RESEARCH
Formal Action
Research Research
Analysis of Data Test leading to Generally
statistical grouping of raw
significance data using
descriptive
statistics
FORMAL RESEARCH vs. ACTION RESEARCH

Formal Action
Research Research
Application of Theoretical Practical
Results Significance significance