BECOMING A MEMBER OF

SOCIETY
Socialization and Enculturation
 Socialization - Refers to lifelong social experience
by which people develop their human potential and
learn culture
 Enculturation – process by which people learn the
requirements of their surrounding culture and
acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or
necessary in that culture
Goals of socialization
 Teaches impulses control and helps individual
develop a conscience
 Teaches individuals how to prepare certain roles
 Cultivates shared sources of meaning and value
George Herbert Mead
 “self” develops through social interactions
 In the absence of social interactions, they may
develop BIOLOGICAL ENTITY
Stages of the development of the self

 Mimicking behaviors
 Play
 Game
 Generalized one
Identity and Identity formation
 Identity formation – development of an individuals
distinct personality.
 Defines individuals to others themselves
 Self- concept – sum of beings knowledge and
understanding of his/her self.
 Identity and Identity formation
 Cultural identity- one’s feeling of identity or affiliation
with a group or culture
 Ethnic identity- identification with a certain identity
 National identity- ethical and philosophical concept
whereby all humans are divided into groups called
nations
 Religious identity- set of belief ad practices generally
held by an individual involving adherence to codified
belief and rituals
 Master identity-
Norms and values
 Norms- rule that guides a behavior of members of
a society or group
 Norms, normal, normative
 Norms govern our behavior
 Durkheim (essence of social order)
 Rules and behavior that are part of the ideology of
the group
Norms and values
 Proscriptive- stating what we should not do
 Prescriptive- stating what we should do
 Mores- norms that are widely observed and have a
great moral significance
 Folkways- norms for routine and casual interactions
 Values- culturally defined standards that people
used to decide on what is desirable, good and
beautiful
Status and roles
 Status- position in a social system (ascribed or
achieved)
 Status set- all statuses a person holds at a time
 Role set- behavior expected of someone who holds
a particular status. Holds a status and performs a
role.
 Role strain- conflict among the roles connected to
two or more statuses
 Impression management- individuals may
improvise on the performance of their role so that
they may appear “presentable”
 Role manipulation-