The Periodic Table

Unit II—Part 4

Adapted by NCDPI – Unit 2 Matter all around us

The Father of the Periodic Table—
Dimitri Mendeleev
 Mendeleev was the first scientist to notice
the relationship between the elements
 Arranged his periodic table by atomic mass
 Said properties of unknown elements could be
predicted by the properties of elements around
the missing element

Image taken from:

http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2006-04-18/fido-
luxuriantflowinghair/mendeleev
 Henry Moseley
 Moseley later discovered that the
periodic nature of the elements was
associated with atomic number, not
atomic mass

 Image taken from:

 http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/sceti/smith/
 The Periodic Table

Column = Group or
Family
18 columns on the
Periodic Table

Row = Period
7 rows on the
Periodic Table
 Periods
•Each row is called a “period”
•The elements in each period have
the same number of energy levels

1st Period = 1 E. Level

2nd Period = 2 E. Levels
3rd Period = 3 E. Levels
4th Period = 4 E. Levels
5th Period = 5 E. Levels
6th Period = 6 E. Levels
7th Period = 7 E. Levels
Middle School Science
Image: Chem4kids.com
 Groups
•Each column is called a “group”
•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons
in their outermost energy level (valence electrons)

Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it

Group 2 = 2 electrons has 2 electrons

Group 8 =
8 electrons

Middle School Science Image: Chem4kids.com

 Metals, Nonmetals, and
Only
nonmetal on the
Semi-metals Nonmetals are on the
metal side right of the stair-step

Metals are to the

left of the
stair- step

Semi-metals,
“metalloids,”
touch the
stair-step
 Special Rows on the PT

Lanthanides

Actinides
 What does the information in the
box tell me?
1
Atomic Number =

H
# of protons Elemental
Symbol

Atomic Mass =
# of protons
plus neutrons

1.008
 The Groups of the Periodic Table
 Group 1: The Alkali Metals
 Most reactive metals on the PT 1
H
 Rarely found free in nature 1.008

Charge of 1—1 valence electron

Li
 6.941

11
Na
22.990

19
K
- 39.098

- - 37
- - Rb
+
+++++++
85.468

- -
++ + 55
Cs
- 132.905

- - 87
-
Fr
(223)
 The Groups of the Periodic
Table
 Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
 Still quite reactive
 Charge of 2—2 valence electrons

Image: Chem4kids.com
Image: http://wildeboer-fitch.wikispaces.com/2008fall+Calcium
T he Groups of the Periodic Table
 Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
 Found freely and in compounds in nature
 Charge is usually 2 but can vary—usually 2
valence electrons

 Group 13: Boron Family

 Charge is 3—3 valence electrons

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The Groups of the Periodic Table
 Group 14: The Carbon Family
 Contains elements that can form unusual
bonds (carbon and silicon)
 Charge is +4 or -4—contains 4 valence
electrons

 Group 15: The Nitrogen Family

 Charge is -3—contains 5 valence electrons
The Groups of the Periodic Table
 Group 16: The Oxygen Family
 Also known as the chalcogens
 Charge is -2 has 6 valence electrons

 Group 17: The Halogens

 Most reactive nonmetals
 charge is -1 has 7 valence electrons

 Group 18: The Noble Gases (The Inert Gases)

 Nonreactive
 Charge is 0—2 or 8 valence electrons
 https://www.google.come/search?q=valence+electrons+periodic+table