21 st Century Literature

- world literature in prose produced during 21st

Cent. From 2001- to the present
The 2000s decade saw a steep
increase in the acceptability of
literature of all types, inspired by
the coming of age of millions of people who enjoyed
The works of writers such as C.S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien in
their youths.
 saw the popularization of manga, or
Japanese comics, among internation
audiences, particularly in English
speaking nation.
 There are comics created in Japan, or by Japanese
creators in the Japanese language. The medium includes
works in a broad range of genres, action, adventure,
romance, sports and games, historical drama, comedy,
science fiction and fantasy, mystery, suspense. Detective,
horror, sexuality and business/commerce, among
others.
 Many famous books like Harry Potter series were converted
into movies. Books on wars, guides for exams, myths, etc. were
frequent sellers in this decade.

LEWIS – Chronicles of Narna

Quintin Tarantino – Pulp Fiction
Jonathan Franzen – The Corrections, Purity, Freedom
Ian McEwan - Atonement
 DIVERGENT
Veronica Roth born August 19, 1988 is
an American novelist and short story
writer known for her debut Newyork
Times bestselling Divergent trilogy,
consisting of Divergent, Insurgent, and
Allegiant; and Four: A Divervent
collection.
 DIVERGENT
was the recipient of the Goodreads
Favorite Book of 2011 and the 2012 winner
for Best Young Adult Fantasy and Science
Fiction
To Learn
 The experiences of the filipino people in the past.

Croghan, 1976
The Development of Philippine Literature
Literature is the foundation of life
It places an emphasis on many topics from human
tragedies to tales of the ever-popular search for love. While it
is physically written in words, these words come alive in the
imagination of the mind, and its ability to comprehend the
complexity or simplicity of the text.
 Literature enables people to see
through the lenses of others

and sometimes even inanimate objects; therefore, it

becomes a looking glass into the world as others view it.

It is a journey that is inscribed in pages, and powered by

the imagination of the reader
 Reading and being given the keys to the literature
world prepares individuals from an early age to discover the
true importance of literature: being able to comprehend and
understand situations from many perspectives.
 literature can act as a time machine,
enabling individuals to go into a specific
time period of the story, into the mind and
soul of the protagonist.
 Reading a material that is relatable to the reader may teach
them morals and encourage them to practice good
judgement. This can be proven through public school
systems, where the books that are emphasized the most tend
to have a moral-teaching purpose behind the story.


 An example would be William Shakespeare’s stories, where

each one is meant to be reflective of human nature – both the
good and bad. Consequently, this can promote better
judgement of situations, so the reader does not find
themselves in the same circumstances as perhaps those in the
fiction world. Henceforth, literature is proven to not only be
reflective of life, but it can also be used as a guide for the
reader to follow and practice good judgement from.
 a mirror; a true reflection of our nature. it helps us see
ourselves in a third persons point of view of first persons
point of view. it instills virtues and condones vices.
literature forms a great portion of fun and entertainment
through plays, comedies and novels. it also educates
individuals on life’s basic but delicate and sacred issues like
love and death
THE LO-A

a folk tradition, mirrors the Ilonggo’s folks’ creative or

poetic intuition. It encapsulates in a single form the workings
of the creative mind of the Ilonggo folks or the common tao
 – the ordinary souls that one may meet
in his daily existence; housewives, farmers,
“istambays”, labourers, teachers, even
students. Ordinary as they are, their lo-a is a
proof of an extraordinary mind whose
creativity flows spontaneously from the
soul.
 Sensitivity of the Ilonggo folks’ external senses
to the sounds and sighs of their immediate
dsurroundings, resulted to the lo-as orchestral
and musical versification. It appears that sounds
appeal instantaneously to the Ilonggo mind
maneuvers the connection of words to words and
of sounds to sounds, almost always logically,
effecting meaning or pure rhythmic and
melodious utterances.
 The richness of the Ilonggo language also lends to the
musicality of the lo-a. The concrete sense experience or
images found in lo-a stand witness to the Ilonggo language’s
power to evoke direct visual, auditory and tactile sense
experiences or pure internal sensations
 . Words in the Ilonggo language, when uttered, create
mental pictures of things or situations. It is said that
situations, objects or circumstances are as they are spoken.
Such characteristic of the language has not escaped the folk
mind; thus, with cleverness and tint of genius the folk mind
explores the possibility of the language by playing on words
and combining sounds and images.
 Rosas, rosas nga kamantigue
Soltero nga waay nobya, agi.
 Bulak, bulak sang tangkong
Dalaga nga wala sang nobyo,
bingkong
 Tapakan ko central,
gupi
Guwa kalamay, puti.
 Lo-a, however, is more than
just words and sounds. The
assemblage of words and sounds,
arranged into logical directions
and connections, make lo-a act
and will something.
 Nonoy hinugay paglabay-labay Sa atubang sang amon nga
balay
Basi malagari kani Tatay
Mawasi gid ang imo nga tinday.
May ara lugar ako nga ginhalinan
Sa parte Aurora, nayon sa sidlangan
Madamo nga bulak ang akon gin-agyan
Solo gid ikaw Inday ang naluyagan.
 The words and sounds do not only please
the ears, but they also challenge the thought
processes. Lo-a speaks, relating that which
have been perceived by the mind through
the senses. Hence, ideas, cloaked in
denotations and connotations, may be
unearthed.
 Tintin kana uwak
Latay sa margoso
Para sa soltero nga
maanghit.
 Lo-a, also, reveals the llonggo’s closeness
to nature and to the things around them. This is
clearly evident in the surfeit of images or sense
experiences used in lo-a. The Ilonggo mind’s
knack for catching sights and sounds from his
immediate world embellishes lo-a with an
abundance of picturesque words and utterances.
 –the ordinary souls that one may meet in his
daily existence; housewives, farmers,
“istambays”, labourers, teachers, even
students. Ordinary as they are, their lo-a is a
proof of an extraordinary mind whose
creativity flows spontaneously from the
soul.
 With its meaningful form, lo-a signifies something. It is a
sign, complete with tangible form, a form with sense and a
form and sense with meaning. The meaning found in lo-a may
be clothed in metaphorical language. It may also be disguised
in symbolic representations. Hence, lo-a may be interpreted
in its textual context alone. Nevertheless, as a sign, lo-a with
its textual evidence, may be interpreted in tis soico-cultural
context.
 Sa idalom sang taytay
May army nga napatay
Bulag-bulag ang lawas
P’rogatindog ang armas.
 Ang Hinilawod ay isa sa pinakamatanda at pinakamahabang
epiko ng Kanlurang Bisaya. Ito’y nagsasaad ng kaunlaran at
kultura ng Panay noong unang panahon. Ito raw ay inaawit
nang mga tatlong linggo, isa o dalawang oras gabi-gabi.
 Panahon noon nang ang mga datu galing
Borneo ay dumaong sa Panay. Labingwalong
kuwento ang napapaloob sa Hinalawod at
ang bawat kuwento ay sumasaklaw sa tatlong
henerasyon.
 Nagsimula ang kuwento noong
panahong ang mga diyoses ay
nakikipamuhay pa sa mga tao at
nagtatapos naman sa panahon nang
bilhin ni Bankaya (datu galing
Borneo) kay Marikudo, Hari ng mga
Aeta.
 Ayon kay Dr. Jose Villa
Panganiban, ang epikong
Hinalawod ay dinatnan na sa
Panay ng mga Kastila.
 Si Kaptan ay bathala ng kalangitan at
si Magwayen ay bathala naman ng
karagatan. May anak na lalaki si Kaptan na
ang napangasawa’y anak ni Magwayen.
 Ang pangasawahan ay nagkaanak ng
apat: Likalibutan, Ladlaw, Libulan at Li
saga.
Sinulsulan ni Lakalibutan sina
Ladlaw at Labulan na makiisa sa
kanya na lusubin ang kalangitan
upang siya ang maging hari ng
sanlibutan (universe).
 Walang pagsidlan ng galit si Kaptan kaya
kanyang pinagpupukol ng kulog ang
magkapatid. Ang katawan
ni Likalibutan ay nagkanluluray at
napatapon sa karagatan. Nang dumating ang
ikaapat na kapatid siya’y kinatay at
pinagdalawang hati.
 Nagsisi si Kaptan sa kanyang ginawa. Muli
niyang binuhay ang kanyang mga apo.
Si Ladlaw ay ginawang araw; si Libulan ay
ginawang buwan; at sumibol naman ang mga
kahoy kay Likalibulan(sanlibutan). Ang unang
hati ng katawan ni Lisaga ay naging unang lalaki
(Silalak) at ang huling hati ay naging unang
babae (Sibabay).