UNIT 5

OTHER MATERIALS
OTHER MATERIALS
 Light-roofing materials
Corrugated GI Sheets,
Pre- coated metal sheets,
Polycarbonate sheeting, alloys properties and uses
Teflon coated sheets,
PTFE Steel alloys

Adhesives, Sealants and joint fillers (Relative movement within

buildings, types of sealants- elasto-plastic, elastic sealants- joint
design- fire resistant sealants- gaskets- adhesives, epoxy, wall
paper, bitumen, plastic pipe) –

Materials for flooring finishes such as epoxy, oxychloride,

hardeners, PVC, carpets.
Roofing materials must satisfy technical
requirements (impermeability, weather-
resistance, frost-resistance, and low
combustibility) and economic requirements
(low cost of the material and the installation
of the base upon which it rests; ease of
installation).
Roofing materials may be organic (bituminous,
tar, wood, and polymeric materials), silicate
(asbestos cement and tile), or metal (roofing
iron). They may be of the roll, mastic, or
piece type (sheets or slabs).
Corrugated galvanized iron
 Typical corrugated galvanised iron appearance, with
visible large flake type patterns. The galvanised sheet has
been repaired or reinforced with a piece of angle iron
(painted white).
 Corrugated galvanised iron (abbreviated CGI) is a

building material composed of sheets of hot-dip

galvanised mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear
corrugated pattern in them.
 The corrugations increase the bending strength of the

sheet in the direction perpendicular to the corrugations,

but not parallel to them. Normally each sheet is
manufactured longer in its strong direction.
 CGI is lightweight and easily transported. It
was and still is widely used especially in rural
and military buildings such as sheds and water
tanks
Corrugation today
 Today the corrugation process is carried out

using the process of roll forming. This modern

process is highly automated to achieve high
productivity and low costs associated with
labour. In the corrugation process sheet metal
is pulled off huge rolls and through rolling
dies that form the corrugation.
Corrosion
Rusted corrugated steel roof
 Although galvanising inhibits the corrosion of

steel, rusting is inevitable, especially in

marine areas - where the salt water
encourages rust - and areas where the local
rainfall is acidic. Corrugated steel roofs can
last for many years if protected by a layer of
paint.
PPGI
 PPGI is pre-painted galvanised iron, also known as
pre-coated steel, coil coated steel, color coated steel
etc., typically with a hot dip zinc coated steel
substrate.
 The term is an extension of GI which is a traditional

abbreviation for Galvanised Iron. Today the term GI

typically refers to essentially pure zinc (>99%)
continuously hot dip coated steel, as opposed to
batch dip processes. PPGI refers to factory pre-
painted zinc coated steel, where the steel is painted
before forming, as opposed to post painting which
occurs after forming.
The hot dip metallic coating process is also used
to manufacture steel sheet and coil with
coatings of aluminium, or alloy coatings of
zinc/aluminium, zinc/iron and
zinc/aluminium/magnesium which may also be
factory pre-painted.

While GI may sometimes be used as a collective

term for various hot dip metallic coated steels,
it more precisely refers only to zinc coated
steel.
Zinc coated steel substrate for PPGI is typically
produced on a continuous galvanising line
(CGL). The CGL may include a painting
section after the hot dip galvanising section,
or more commonly the metallic coated
substrate in coil form is processed on a
separate continuous paint line (CPL)
Polycarbonate
 Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of
thermoplastic polymers containing
carbonate groups in their chemical
structures. Polycarbonates used in
engineering are strong, tough materials, and
some grades are optically transparent. They
are easily worked, molded, and
thermoformed. Because of these properties,
polycarbonates find many applications
Properties and processing
 Polycarbonate is a durable material. Although it has
high impact-resistance, it has low scratch-
resistance. Therefore, a hard coating is applied to
polycarbonate eyewear lenses and polycarbonate
exterior automotive components.
 The characteristics of polycarbonate compare to
those of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic),
but polycarbonate is stronger and will hold up
longer to extreme temperature. Polycarbonate is
highly transparent to visible light, with better light
transmission than many kinds of glass.
Applications
 Electronic components
 Construction materialsData storage
 Automotive, aircraft, and security

components
 Medical applications
 Phones
Polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE)
 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a synthetic fluoropolymer of
tetrafluoroethylene that has numerous applications. The best
known brand name of PTFE-based formulas is Teflon by
DuPont Co., which discovered the compound.

 PTFE is a fluorocarbon solid, as it is a high-molecular-weight

compound consisting wholly of carbon and fluorine. PTFE is
hydrophobic: neither water nor water-containing substances
wet PTFE, as fluorocarbons demonstrate mitigated
London dispersion forces due to the high electronegativity of
fluorine. PTFE has one of the lowest coefficients of friction
against any solid.
PTFE is used as a non-stick coating for pans
and other cookware. It is very non-reactive,
partly because of the strength of
carbon–fluorine bonds and so it is often used
in containers and pipework for reactive and
corrosive chemicals. Where used as a
lubricant, PTFE reduces friction, wear and
energy consumption of machinery. It is also
commonly used as a graft material in surgical
interventions.
 Properties
 PTFE is often used to coat non-stick pans as

it is hydrophobic and possesses fairly high

heat resistance.
 PTFE is a thermoplastic polymer, which is a

white solid at room temperature, with a

density of about 2200 kg/m3.
Applications and uses
 The major application of PTFE, consuming
about 50% of production, is for wiring in
aerospace and computer applications (e.g.
hookup wire, coaxial cables). This application
exploits the fact that PTFE has excellent
dielectric properties. This is especially true at
high radio frequencies, making it suitable for
use as an insulator in cables and connector.
Epoxy Coatings
 Epoxy terrazzo
 Garage floor coatings
 Metallic epoxy coatings
PVC tiles
 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tiles are a
commonly used floor finish made from
polyvinyl chloride. Due to the small size of
the tiles, usually 150mm, 225mm and
305mm, any damage can soon be repaired by
replacing individual tiles (as long as some
spares are kept).
 The tiles are made of a composite of PVC and

fibre, producing a thin and fairly hard tile.

Carpet tiles
 Carpet tiles are renowned for their aesthetic
styling and outstanding performance in the
most demanding heavy traffic environments.
Forbo Flooring offers a wide portfolio of both
tufted and fusion bonded carpet tile ranges,
providing an extensive choice of design,
colour, installation options and price points.
Sealant
 Sealant is a substance used to block the passage
of fluids through the surface or joints or openings
in materials,[1] a type of mechanical seal. In building
construction sealant is sometimes synonymous
with caulking and also serve the purposes of
blocking dust, sound and heat transmission.
Sealants may be weak or strong, flexible or rigid,
permanent or temporary. Sealants are not
adhesives but some have adhesive qualities and are
called adhesive-sealants or structural sealants.
Function
 Sealants, despite not having great strength,
convey a number of properties. They seal top
structures to the substrate, and are particularly
effective in waterproofing processes by keeping
moisture out (or in) the components in which
they are used. They can provide thermal and
acoustical insulation, and may serve as fire
barriers. They may have electrical properties, as
well. Sealants can also be used for simple
smoothing or filling. They are often called upon
to perform several of these functions at once.
Types of sealants
 A sealant may be viscous material that has
little or no flow characteristics and which stay
where they are applied; or they can be thin
and runny so as to allow it to penetrate the
substrate by means of capillary action.
Types of sealants
 Acrylic resins
 Acoustic sealants
 Adhesive sealants
 Butyl rubber
 Dental sealants
 Elastic sealants
 Electronic sealants
 Epoxy
 Extruded sealants
 Fibrin glue
 Firestop barrier sealants
 Floor sealant
 Foam
 Hot wax
Sealing Joints
 Things to consider when sealing or filling
concrete joints
  
 Sealers must bond to the concrete and be
impermeable. Courts and Cracks
  
 Sealed joints should have a backer rod or bond
breaker in the bottom.
 Sealers and fillers for concrete joints are not the
same thing and have very different purposes.