B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE

6/25/2019
Dept, AITS Rajampet
1
Controlled
Rectifiers
CHAPTER 2

Single-Phase
INTRODUCTION
 Diodes of rectifier circuits in chp5 are replaced by thyristors.

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 In thyristor based rectifiers, output voltage can be
controlled. So they are termed as controlled rectifiers.

Dept, AITS Rajampet

B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE
 Controlled rectifiers produce variable DC output, whose
magnitude is varied by Phase control.
Phase Control
DC output from rectifier is controlled by controlling
duration of the conduction period by varying the point at
which gate signal is applied to SCR.

 Main drawback of phase control is Radio Frequency

Interference (RFI) 2
 Controlled rectifiers are of two types,
1- Fully Controlled rectifiers

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DC current is unidirectional, but DC voltage has
either polarity. With one polarity, flow of power is
from AC source to DC load---Rectification.

Dept, AITS Rajampet

B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE
With the reversal of DC voltage by the load, flow of
power is from DC load to AC source---Inversion.

2- Half controlled rectifiers

Half of SCRs are replaced by diodes.
DC output current and voltage are unidirectional. i.e.,
flow of power is from AC source to DC load.

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HALF-WAVE CONTROLLED
RECTIFIERS

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With Resistive Load
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Control characteristics of half-wave rectifier
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With an Inductive (RL) Load
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With Inductive Load and
Freewheeling Diode
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CONTROLLED CENTER-
TAP RECTIFIERS
FULL-WAVE

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With Resistive Load
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With an Inductive (RL) Load
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Control Characteristics for center-tap rectifier
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With Freewheeling Diode
EXAMPLE 6.4

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Explain with the help of waveforms the operation
of a full-wave center-tap rectifier with RL load for
the following firing angles:

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B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE
(a) 0°
(b) 45°
(c) 90°
(d) 135°
(e) 180°

Assume highly Inductive Load

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 Voltage and current waveforms for α=0°

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 During positive-half cycle of
source voltage, SCR1 is forward
biased and SCR2 is reverse

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biased. During negative half-
cycle, SCR2 is forward biased
and SCR1 is reverse biased. In
either case voltage across the
load is Vs.

 Output is similar to
uncontrolled rectifier.

 Each SCR conducts for 180° and

supplies current to the load for
this period 15
 Voltage and current waveforms for α=45°

 Average DC output voltage

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decreases.

 If SCR1 is triggered at 45°,

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B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE
SCR2 will conduct upto that
point, even though the source
voltage is zero, due to highly
inductive nature of load.

 When SCR1 is turned on,

SCR2 is turned off.

 Current to the load is

supplied by SCR1 and SCR2,
each conducting for 180°
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Voltage and current waveforms for α=90°

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 Average DC voltage is
zero, so there is no
transfer of power from AC

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B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE
source to DC load.

 Each SCR remains in

conduction for 180°

 As firing angle is
increased from 0 to 90°,
the power supplied to
the DC load decreases,
becoming zero at α=90°
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Voltage and current waveforms for α=135°

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 Average DC voltage is
negative.

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 Load current still flows in
each SCR for 180° in its
original direction.

 Load voltage has changed

polarity.

 Power now flows from DC

load to AC source .

 Circuit acts like an inverter. 18

Voltage and current waveforms for α=180°

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 Average output DC
voltage is at its maximum
negative value.

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B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE
 SCRs remain in
conduction for 180°

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EXAMPLE 6.5

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Show direction of power flow and operating
mode (rectifying or inversion) of center-tap
rectifier circuit with following firing angles:

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A) α > 0°
B) α < 90°
C) α > 90°
D) α < 180°

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SOLUTION

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 For firing angle in the range 0° < α <
90°

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1. Average output voltage is positive.
2. Converter operates in the rectifying mode.
3. Power to the load is positive
4. Power flow is from AC source to the DC load.

 For firing angle in the range 90° < α < 180°

1. Average output voltage is negative
2. Converter operates in inversion mode
3. Power to the load is negative
4. Power flow is from DC load to AC source 21
 ASSIGNMENT # 2

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In example 6.4, draw waveforms for voltage

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

across thyristor 2. i.e., VSCR2

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CONTROLLED BRIDGE
FULL-WAVE

RECTIFIER

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With Resistive Load
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With an Inductive (RL) Load
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For L >>> R
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Control characteristics for bridge rectifier
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With RL load and freewheeling diode
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SEMICONTROLLED BRIDGE
HALF-CONTROLLED

RECTIFIERS
OR

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 In fully-controlled rectifier, only rectification can
be obtained by connecting a freewheeling diode

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across the output terminals of the rectifier.

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B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE
 Another method of obtaining rectification in
bridge rectifiers is replacing half of the SCRs
with diodes. These circuits are called
semicontrolled bridge rectifiers.

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Full-wave semicontrolled bridge
rectifier circuit
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Semicontrolled bridge rectifier with FWD
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DUAL CONVERTER
 Exercise Problems

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6.1, 6.5, 6.6, 6.9, 6.12, 6.21, 6.22, 6.24
Also give analysis of waveforms in each case of all

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B Madhusudana Reddy Asst Prof EEE
above exercise problems

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