Evolution

-change in a species through time

 Terms
• Paleontology- a study of the remains of
organisms of the past
• Radiocarbon dating- dating organic matter
up to around 70 000 years old
• Fossils- remains or traces of ancient
organisms that live in the past more than
10 000 years ago.
Types of Fossils
 Petrified
-consist mainly of
minerals which the
parts of the body of an
organism have replaced
-examples: petrified tree
trunk and shells
 Mold and Cast
Mold
- formed when an
organism got buried in
sediment and decayed
leaving its shape in the
rock

Cast
- formed when some
spaces of the mold are
later on filled with
mineral matter
 Carbonization
-only the carbon remains in the specimen
Preservation in Amber-hardened Resin
 Other Evolutionary Evidences
• Tracks - the imprints left behind soil,snow,mud
or other ground surfaces that an animal walk
across
• Burrows- a hole or tunnel dug into the ground
by an animal
• Coprolites- fossil dung and stomach content
• Gastroliths- stomach stones used to grind food
by some organisms
Otzi the Iceman
Geologic Time Age
 Precambrian Era
- 4.5 billion to 540 million
years ago
- formation of atmosphere
from volcanic gases
-formation of ancient
oceans
-bacteria evolved
-plants started to evolve
 Paleozoic Era
- 540 million years to
about 248 million
years ago
-animals without
backbones evolved
-land plants evolved
-fishes and insects
evolved
-amphibians
diversified rapidly
 Mesozoic Era
- 248 million years to about 65 million
years ago
- often called as “age of dinosaurs”
- formation of Atlantic ocean
- gymnosperms become dominant trees
- Reptiles evolved
- -dinosaurs dominated
 Cenozoic Era
- 65 million years up to present
- often called as “age of mammals”
- mountain building, volcanism, earthquakes
- angiosperms or flowering plants dominated
the earth
- humans evolved
Thank You!!!