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1. Cell Theory
A. All living things are made of cells.
B. Cells are the basic unit of structure &
function.
C. Cells come from pre-existing cells.
Scientists Who Formed the Cell Theory
A. Robert Hooke: Observed cork and coined the word
“cell”.
B. Anton von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope.
C. Matthias Schleiden: “all plants are made of cells.”
D. Theodor Schwann: “all animals are made of cells.”
E. Rudolf Virchow: “cells come from pre-existing
cells.”
F. Robert Brown: Discovered the nucleus.
2. Cell Size
A. Small cells function more efficiently than large cells.
B. If a cell’s surface to volume ratio is too low, substances
can not easily enter or leave the cell.
Smallest cell – mycoplasma largest – ostrich egg yolk
3. Two Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic- small, simple. Only bacteria
cells.
2. Eukaryotic- large, complex. All cells except
bacteria (includes animals, plants, fungi,
protists)
4. Comparing & Contrasting Cell Types
Prokaryotes vs.________ Eukaryotes
A. Single Cellular A. Single/Multi-Cellular
B. Lack a nucleus B. Nucleus
C. No membrane bound-organelles C. Membrane bound organelles
D. Single Chromosomes D. Chromosome pairs
E. No Cytoplasmic Streaming E. Cytoplasmic streaming
F. Simple Flagella F. Complex flagella
G. Can live in a broad range of G. Cannot live in broad range
environments
H. Contain Cell wall A. Most DO NOT contain cell walls
I. Lack internal Support B. Contain Cytoskeleton for internal
support
Similarities:
• Nuclear Material
(DNA/RNA)
• Have a Cell Membrane
• Have Cytoplasm
• Have Ribosomes
Cell Organelles
5. Eukaryotic Organelles
• Organelle: tiny, specialized structure that carries out 1 or more
specific functions.
• Cell Membrane: PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER-maintains homeostasis &
protects the cell.
• Cytoplasm (Cytosol):
• fills up the space between nucleus and plasma membrane. “this is
the goop of the cell.”
. Cytoskeleton – Network of protein filaments that support and aid
in movement
• Nucleus: “brain” of the cell. (genetic control, regulates growth,
metabolism & reproduction)
• Nucleolus: makes ribosomes.
• Nuclear Envelope (membrane): protects the nucleus from the
cytoplasm.
• Chromosomes/chromatin: contain heredity info.
• Nuclear Pores- openings in the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): make & transport proteins & lipids
Rough- has ribosomes attached, makes proteins.
Smooth- no ribosomes, makes lipids
.
Chloroplasts: turns sunlight into free energy in
PLANTS ONLY! photosynthesis
-contains a green pigment (chlorophyll)
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