Elements Compounds Mixtures

• have a unique set of • have a unique set of

• have a unique set of
properties properties
properties
• components are • components are
• components are
elements elements, compounds,
protons, neutrons, and
or both
electrons • have only one type of
particle •has two or more
•have only one type of
different types of
particle •are pure substances
particles
• are pure substances • can be separated into
•not chemically
simpler substances by
• cannot be separated combined
chemical means only
into simpler substances
•not pure substances
• combine in a definite
• some are chemically
ratio to form different •can be separated by
combined
compounds physical means into the
•combine into definite different substances
• are chemically
ratios to form a that form it
combined
compound
• combine in any ratio
• found everywhere
•found everywhere
Pure Substance is a
substance in which
there is only one
type of particle;
includes elements
and compounds.
 Definite Ratio Combinations of
Elements forming Compounds
2 atoms of hydrogen to one of
H2O water
oxygen
2 atoms of hydrogen to 2 of
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
oxygen
CO2 1 atom of carbon to 2 of oxygen carbon dioxide

CO 1 atom of carbon to 1 of oxygen carbon monoxide

6 atoms of carbon, to 12 of
C6H12O6 sugar
hydrogen, to 6 of oxygen
1 atom of sodium to 1 of
NaCl salt
chlorine
1 atom of carbon, to 2 of
CH2O wood
hydrogen, to 1 of oxygen
 Element
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler
substances by physical or chemical means.

hydrogen

carbon silicon
ELEMENT

PURE SUBSTANCE
 Na Na
Na

Na Na Na Na

Na Na
Na Na

Na Na

Na Na Na
Na
Na Na

Na
Na
Metals Metalloids Nonmetals
• shiny • some are shiny • dull
some are dull
• malleable • brittle
• some are
• ductile malleable and • not malleable
some are not
• good • not ductile
• some are ductile
conductors of and some are not • poor
thermal and conductors of
electric •semiconductors
of electric energy
thermal and
energy electric energy
• have reactivity
• have • some have
reactivity reactivity
 Compound
A pure substance composed of two or more
elements that are chemically combined.
Molecule of the Compound
Water
+ +
hydrogen hydrogen

_ oxygen
Chemically
combined
Mixture
 Mixture
A combination of two or more substances
that are not chemically combined.

-
Sodium -

chloride and chloride

chloride
water
molecules sodium sodium

+ +
COMPOUND WATER

PURE SUBSTANCE
MIXTURE of TWO ELEMENTS and the
COMPOUND WATER

NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE

 Chemically
oxygen combined

O2
 Properties of Compounds
• color
•shape
•boiling point
• melting point
• density
• freezing point
• reactivity ( combustible, explosive, and
flammable)
 burning wood

CH2O + O2 -----> CO2 + H2O

Mixture Compound Element
 MIXTURE of TWO
ELEMENTS and the
COMPOUND
ELEMENT COMPOUND
WATER
WATER

PURE SUBSTANCE PURE SUBSTANCE NOT A PURE

SUBSTANCE
 Solution
The liquid that
results when
water dissolves
a substance.
The Compound Water
Chemically combined
+ +

H2O Electrons being

shared between
atoms of

- hydrogen and
oxygen.
sodium chloride
- + +
Na ion
+ - -
+
- + - +
+ -
+ - + -
- +
+ -
-
Cl ion
NaCl
sodium chlorine
+

metal gas

salt
H is the symbol O is the symbol
of Hydrogen for Oxygen

H2 O
No subscript
after oxygen
means each
The subscript molecule of
means each water has
molecule of water only one atom
has two atoms of of oxygen.
hydrogen
The coefficient means
that there are three
molecules of water.
molecule
3 H2O
Parts of a Chemical Equation

C + O2 CO2
yields
or
produces

The compounds The new

or elements on substance
the left side of produced is the
the arrow are the PRODUCT. The
starting product is placed
materials, or to the right of the
REACTANTS. arrow.
 A plus sign separates
reactants when there is
more than one.

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

A plus sign separates products

when there is more than one
new substance produced.
 In a chemical equation the
number of atoms in the
reactants should always equal
to the number of atoms in the
products.

C + O2 CO2
1 atom
carbon
2 atoms
oxygen = 1 atom 2 atoms
carbon oxygen
 Element Compound Mixture
A pure substance that A pure substance
cannot be separated into composed of two or A combination of two or
simpler substances by more elements that are more substances that
chemically combined. are not chemically
physical or chemical combined.
means. Molecule of the
Chemically Compound Water Sodium chloride and water
oxygen combined molecules
O2 + +

chloride

hydrogen Chemically _
combined
sodium

silicon
carbon