At the end of the lesson, the learners should be

able to analyze social, political, and cultural

change.
1. INNOVATION
It is the social creation and institutionalization of
new ideas.
Example: technological advancement
2. DIFFUSION
It is the spread of innovations from one social
setting to another. It occurs when one group
borrows something from another group such as
norms, values, food, clothing, and other
innovation.
Example: Visibility of K-pop culture in the
Philippines
3. ASSIMILATION
It is the process where the cultural aspects of
some of the “majority communities” (dominant
communities) are absorbed in such a manner
that the home cultural aspects get mitigated or
lost.
Example: English-only policies in some schools.
4. ACCULTURATION
It is a process where the cultural aspects of the
“majority community” are adapted without
losing the traditions and customs of the
“minority community.”
Example: The use of herbal medicine despite
the spread of western medicine.
5. SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS AND TENSIONS
Conflicts arise in every society because of
certain societal differences and inequalities.
In many instances, cultural, social, and
political differences often lead to
disagreement and conflict.
This may include inter-ethnic conflicts, class
struggle, armed conflict, terrorism, protests,
gender issues, etc.
Example: The struggle of the LGBT community
to be fully accepted in society.
COLLECTIVE
ACTION
Refers to any action being taken by a
certain group who shares common aims
and goals to achieve specific changes or
objective that could benefit the
members of the group (Ostrom,2004).
 Sometimes, conflict happens within ethnic groups
especially when there is a dispute between the ethnic
rules and its people.
 In terms of class struggles, those individuals from the
lower class are deprived of rights and privilege, unlike
those in the higher social class.
ETHNIC CONFLICT, ARMED
CONFLICT, AND TERRORISM
These three forms of social
tension are grouped together due
to their violent nature in resolving
social issues.
ETHNIC CONFLICT
is also referred to as
ethnic war and is usually
characterized by
homogenous cultural
groups having armed
struggle with each other
or with other social
institutions.
ARMED CONFLICT
are mostly political in
nature as nonstate
actors clamor for their
rights that are
perceived to be
withheld from them by
the state.
 ACTS OF TERRORISM
are highly political activities
that are meant to give a
statement to organizations or
states that are believed to
have hegemonic power over
subjugate territories or
sectors of society.
1. EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
It implies that societies evolved from the simple
and primitive to the more complex and
advanced form.
2. CONFLICT THEORY
It suggests that societies progress as oppressed
groups struggle to improve their lives.
3. CYCLICAL THEORY
It suggests that every society is born, matures,
decays, and eventually dies.
Social Change is the concept used to
portray any changes in human social
systems (Stets and Burke, 2013).
In general, all changes that take place in
human society that has a domino effect to
all social systems are considered a form
of social change.
NEW CHALLENGES TO HUMAN ADOPTION
AND SOCIAL CHANGES
 GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Some of the expected and observed impacts of global
warming and climate change include rise of sea level,
increase in wildfire events, severe droughts, increase
in the frequency of severe storms in many areas,
flooding, and increase in weather variability.
 TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION AND OFWS
Transnational migration is the process by
which individuals from one country migrate
to another country for economic, political,
and social reasons.
The growth of transnational migration has
been observed in the past decades as
the world becomes more globalized and
technology becomes more complex,
allowing for easier transfer (Duany, 2011).
RESPONDING TO SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND
CULTURAL CHANGE
The need for check and balance in a
government that aims to reduce the
systematic risk for corruption is
addressed by the existence of active
citizen participation in governance.
A politically engaged citizenry is more
committed to elect public officials who
are qualified and competent.
Most nonstate institutions have targeted the
youth to participate in the implementation of
their advocacies to socially integrate them, as
they have often been related to socially
disruptive behaviors linked to forms of
deviance associated with substance abuse.
 Types Characteristics
Social networking Services that allow you to connect with
other people of similar interests and
background. Usually they consist of a
profile, various ways to interact with other
users, and ability to setup groups, to
name a few.
Book keeping sites Services that allow you to save, organize,
and manage links to various Web sites
and resources on the Internet. Most allow
you to “tag” your links to make them easy
to search and share.
Social news Services that allow people to post various
news items or links to outside articles and
then allows its users to “vote” on the
items. The voting is the core social aspect
as the items that get the most votes are
displayed the most prominently. The
community decides which news items get
Media sharing Services that allows you to
upload and share various media
such as pictures and videos.
Microblogging Services that focus on short
updates that are pushed out to any
subscribed to receive the updates.
Blog comments and forum Online forums allow members to
hold conversations by posting
messages
Social media has also been used as a medium for
changes.
Social media can also provide information to people
across the world. Hence, communicating thoughts,
trends, or campaigns have become global in scope and
on real-time. Talents and capacities are also shared
globally and instantaneously with just a press of a
button. This allowed for the rise of Internet sensations
and global trends.
Communication has also been
revolutionized by the development of
texting.
The Philippines has been one of the
countries that highly benefit from this
development, as evidenced by the 43%
margin of texters in the Philippines, as
compared to their American counterpart.