GOVERNMENT VS.

GOVERNANCE
• The concept of governance which is defined as
the process of decision-making and the process
by which decisions are implemented. While
government is defined as the group of people
with the authority to govern a country or state; a
particular ministry in office. (Oxford Dictionary).
Very Evident in the 1987 Constitution Article 2
Declaration of State Principles and Policies.
 GOVERNMENT

•Government – refers to the agency

or instrumentality through which
the will of the State is formulated,
expressed and realized.
 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
AS TO THE NUMBER OF THE PERSONS
EXERCISING THE SOVEREIGN POWER:
A. Monarchy – the supreme and final authority is in the
hands of a single person. It is further classified into;
absolute monarchy and limited monarchy.
B. Aristocracy – the political power is exercised by the
few privileged class
C. Democracy – the political power is exercised by the
majority of people. It is further classified into two; direct or
pure democracy and indirect or representative democracy
 AS TO THE EXTENT OF POWERS EXERCISED BY
THE CENTRAL OR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT:

• a. Unitary Government – the control of national

and local affairs is exercised by the central or
national government
• b. Federal Government – the powers of
government are divided between two sets of
organs; one for national affairs and the other for
local affairs
FEDERALISM
 AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
EXECUTIVE AND THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES
OF GOVERNMENT:
A. Parliamentary – the State confers upon the legislature
the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real
executive
B. Presidential – the State makes the executive
constitutionally independent of the legislative
• In the Philippines, our Constitution requires our Government
to be democratic and republican.
• The mandate of the government from the State is to promote the
welfare of the people.
 PLENARY POWERS OF THE GOVERNMENT:
A. Police Power
(Salus populi est suprema Lex, Dura Lex Sed Lex, sic utere tuo ut
alienum non laedas)
is the power to establish and enforce laws
B. Eminent Domain (Article III, Section 9 “Private property
shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.”)
is the power to appropriate property for public use
C. Taxation
is the power to collect revenue from citizens
THE GOVERNMENT PERFORMS TWO KINDS OF FUNCTIONS:

1. Constituent functions – constitute the very bonds of society and

therefore compulsory. Among the constituent functions are the
following:
• Keeping of order and providing for the protection of persons
and property from violence and robbery;
• The fixing of the legal relations between husband and wife
and between parents and children;
• The regulation of the holding, transmission and interchange of
property, and the determination of its liabilities for debt or for
crime;
• The determination of contractual rights between
individuals;
• The definition and punishment of crimes;
• The administration of justice in civil cases;
• The administration of political duties, privileges and
relations of citizen; and
• The dealing of the State with foreign powers; the
preservation of the State from external danger or
encroachment and the advancement of its international
interests.
• Ministrant functions – are those undertaken
to advance the general interests of the
society such as public works, public charity,
and regulation of trade and industry.
• Doctrine of Parens Patriae
• De Jure, and De Facto Governments
GOVERNANCE
OPEN PREZI PRESENTATION
 9 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
(UNDP (1997) GOVERNANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. UNITED NATIONS
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME)
1. Participation – All men and women should have a
voice in decision-making, either directly or through
legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their
interests. Such broad participation is built on freedom
of association and speech, as well as capacities to
participate constructively. (Art. II, Section 1.)
2. Rule of law – Legal frameworks
should be fair and enforced
impartially, particularly the laws
on human rights. (Art II, Section
3.; Art. II Section 5.; and Art II,
Section 11.)
3. Transparency – Transparency is built
on the free flow of information. Processes,
institutions and information are directly
accessible to those concerned with them,
and enough information is provided to
understand and monitor them. (Art II,
Section 27.)
4. Responsiveness –
Institutions and processes
try to serve all
stakeholders. (Art II,
Section 4.)
5. Consensus Orientation – Good
governance mediates differing
interests to reach a broad consensus
on what is in the best interests of the
group and, where possible, on
policies and procedures. (Art II,
Section 2.)
6. Equity – All men and
women have opportunities
to improve or maintain their
well-being. (Art II, Section
14.)
7. Effectiveness and
efficiency – Processes and
institutions produce results that
meet needs while making the
best use of resources. (Art II,
Section 9.)
8. Accountability – Decision-makers in
government, the private sector and civil
society organizations are accountable to the
public, as well as to institutional stakeholders.
This accountability differs depending on the
organizations and whether the decision is
internal or external to an organization. (Art II,
Section 28.)
9. Strategic vision – Leaders and the public have a
broad and long-term perspective on good
governance and human development, along with a
sense of what is needed for such development.
There is also an understanding of the historical,
cultural and social complexities in which that
perspective is grounded. (The Preamble and the
whole provisions of 1987 Constitution Article II
sections 1 – 28)
 WHAT IS THE
DIFFERENCE OF
GOVERNMENT AND
GOVERNANCE?
• GOVERNMENT is merely an instrument for
the purpose of governance while
GOVERNANCE is the exercise of political,
economic, and administrative authority to
manage a nation’s affairs.. Governance
embraces all of the methods--- good and bad
----- the societies use to distribute power and
manage public resources and problems.
• SYMPOSIUM - DEBATE where each group will have to
discuss and discourse the government assigned to them
(AQUINO vs. DUTERTE) and the kind of governance it
practiced in the Philippines.
• GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Is there a governance structure in place?
2. If so, what it is? Does it work? How does it work? How it
can be improved?
3. If not, what do you think might be needed?
 RUBRICS:

• 10 pts – Content
• 10 pts – Methods of Discourse
• 20 pts – Showmanship & Cooperativeness
• 40 pts TOTAL
 ASSIGNMENT
10 PTS.
•In a ½ cross-wise paper, illustrate a
VENN DIAGRAM of government and
governance.