FISH INTERNAL

ANATOMY AND
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
ABIA ǀ BAROQUILLO ǀ LASTRE ǀ PALERACIO ǀ RESANO
 INTRODUCTION
• Generally, external organs are for protection and covering while
internal organs perform the basic function such as digestion,
respiration and sensory works.
 INTRODUCTION
• The fish’s organ such as brain, stomach, liver and kidneys performs the
same function to that of man.
 INTRODUCTION
• Beside from integumentary system’s major
function which is to protect the fish from injuries
and infections, it also performs excretory,
respiratory and osmoregulatory functions.
 INTRODUCTION
• This species is found in both tropical and subtropical areas of Indian,
Atlantic, and Pacific oceans. They are opportunistic feeders with a variety
of prey species being eaten, like crustaceans and mesopelagic fishes.
 SIGNIFICANCE

• The significance of this activity is to compare the percent body

composition of the internal organs and the integumentary system of
Thunnus albacares to other fish species. Additionally, the gathered data
can also be used as a basis to know more about the fish’s morphology
and sexual maturity (age).
 OBJECTIVES
• To identify fish’s internal organs and its functions.

• To determine its mouth type, caudal fin shape, body form.

• To be able to compare and solve the percent body composition of fish’

internal organs.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

• The materials used in this activity were

 one medium sized fish

 dissecting set
 analytical balance
 microscope
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A scale was removed The mouth type, body

The fish was weighed and it was viewed form and caudal fin
under the microscope shape were identified

The organs were The gathered data of

individually removed the group was
The fish was dissected and were weighed compared to the data
using an analytical of the other groups
balance
 RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION
 ORGAN

– a structure composed of a group of different

tissues that work together to perform a specific
function (e.g. heart, gills, stomach, intestines, liver,
gonads)
 HEART
• It generates pressure that leads to the
circulation of the blood
• Composed of one atrium and one ventricle
• Bulbous arteriosus and sinus venosus are two
additional chambers found in the fish
 BLOOD CIRCULATION

Ventricle pumps
Blood from the body Atrium pumped the blood into
enters the atrium the blood into bulbous
through sinus venosus ventricle arteriosus
 STOMACH
• It is a smooth muscle that degrades the food
• It is separated from the esophagus by a
cardiac sphincter
VARIOUS STOMACH SHAPES
• Straight stomach
• U-shaped stomach
• Y-shaped stomach
 PYLORIC CAECA
• An adaptation to increase gut surface are
• Major uptake site of sugar, amino acid and
dipeptide
 LIVER
• Site of glycogen storage and produces variety
substances such as enzymes that aids with the
digestion, hormones and other important molecules

• Regulates the fish metabolism, synthesis plasma

proteins, storage of some vitamins and trace metals
and transformation and excretion of steroids and
xenobiotics
 GONADS
• An endocrine organ that controls growth by
expressing growth hormone
 GILLS
• Respiratory gas exchange
• Site of the other related functions to animal
homeostasis (e.g. ion-uptake, acid-base
balance, excretion of waste products)
• Gills are consist of several gill arches where
each arch carries two rows of gill filaments
• Each gill filament consists of lamellae
 SPLEEN
• Responsible in maintaining the hematopoiesis
of the fish
• Acts as the storage organ for red and white
blood cells
 INTESTINE
• A long thin tube which is a thin double layered
musculature
• The outer layer is longitudinal and the inner
layer is circular
• Known as the last or final site of digestion and
absorption of the food
• It is vital in water and electrolyte balance
Table 1: Data Table for Priacanthus sp.
Fish weight: 300g Standard Length: 22.9 cm
Total Length: 26.9 cm Fork Length: 26.6cm
Body organ Weight (g) Percent Composition
(%)
Gonads 20.41 6.80
Gills 9.69 3.23
Heart 0.86 0.29
Intestines + 1.67
pyloric caeca 5.01
Stomach 4.18 1.39
Liver 8.02 2.67
Kidney 0.44 0.15
Gas bladder 1.50 0.50
Trunk with skin 105.10 35.03
Table 2: Data Table for Thunnus albacares
Fish Weight: 310g Standard Length: 22 cm
Total Length: 27.3 cm Fork Length: 24 cm
Body Organ Weight (g) Percent Composition
(%)
Heart 2.40 0.77
Liver 2.42 0.78
Gills 11.05 3.56
Spleen 0.46 0.15
Intestine 1.00 0.32
Stomach + pyloric 10.31 3.33
caeca
Kidney 0.59 0.19
Trunk 152.05 49.05
Table 3: Data Table for Chanos chanos
Fish Weight: 420g Standard Length:
Total Length: Fork Length:
Body Part Weight (g) Percent Composition
(%)
Heart 0.63 0.15
Spleen 0.37 0.08
Liver 5.25 1.25
Gonads 0.42 0.10
Gall Bladder 0.42 0.10
Intestine 3.70 0.88
Esophagus + Stomach 3.86 0.92
Pyloric Caeca 6.22 1.48
Gills 6.01 1.43
Kidney 1.51 0.36
Trunk muscles 182.07 43.35
Table 4: Data Table for Auxis thazard
Fish Weight: 365g Standard Length:
Total Length: Fork Length:
Body Part Weight (g) Percent Composition
(%)
Heart 2.50 0.68
Gills 18.07 4.95
Stomach 7.25 1.99
Intestines 4.86 1.33
Liver 6.64 1.82
Gonads 7.50 2.05
Trunk muscles + Skin 56.87 15.58
Spleen 0.90 0.25
Auxis thazard
• English Name: Frigate tuna
• Epipelagic and neritic
• Well-developed corselet
• Body is robust and elongated, and rounded
• Fusiform
• Mouth at terminal position
• Presences of strong central keel
• Highly migratory species
• Color: pattern of 15 or more narrow, oblique to nearly
horizontal, dark, wavy lines
Chanos chanos
• English name: Milkfish
• Benthopelagic brackish and freshwater fish species
• Body elongated and compressed
• Terminal mouth position and is toothless
• Falcate pectoral fins
• Forked caudal fins
• Toothless jaws, 4 branchiostegal rays, and 31 caudal fin
rays
• Spwaning and fertilization occurs at night
• Color: olive green with silvery flanks and dark fin borders
 Table 5. Percent composition of the four species of fish
used during the activity

Percent Percent
Percent
Percent Composition Composition
Composition Standard
Body Organ Composition (%) (%) (%) Mean
(%) Deviation
Priacanthus sp. Thunnus Auxis thazard
Chanos chanos
albacares
Gonads 6.8 0.21 0.1 2.05 2.29 3.14
Gills 3.23 3.56 1.43 4.95 3.29 1.45
Heart 0.29 0.77 0.15 0.68 0.47 0.30
Intestines (+
0.29 0.32 0.88 1.33
pyloric caeca) 0.71 0.50
Stomach (+
1.39 3.33 0.92 1.99
pyloric caeca) 1.91 1.04
Liver 2.67 0.78 1.25 1.82 1.63 0.81
Kidney 0.15 0.19 0.36 -- 0.23 0.11
Gas bladder 0.5 0.00 -- 0.25 0.35
Trunk with skin 35.03 49.05 43.35 15.58 35.75 14.63
Spleen -- 0.15 0.08 0.25 0.16 0.09
Pyloric caeca -- -- 1.48 -- 1.48 --
Gall blader -- -- 0.1 -- 0.10 --
FISH INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM:
SCALES
 SCALES
• Protection
• Covering
• Sensory

Some scales have special structures like poisonous

organs and electric organs which areexamples of
integumentary derivatives (Khabar 2016).
Fig. 1. Location of the scales in Thunnus albacares

Fig. 2. Photo of the scale of the Thunnus albacares

uunder a microscope
References: