Power Electronics

Machine Drives and Converters

 Power electronic switching generate current
and voltage harmonics.
 Transient simulations are required to
determine the harmonic content.
 Filters must be used if the harmonic content is
excessive.
 Firing control methodology can have an
influence on the harmonic content.

Nov 2004 PSCAD Transient Simulation for Power Quality Analysis 2

 Machine Drive Example
1.0

T1 T3 T5
D D D

TFP1 TFP3 TFP5

Ia

0.1
A
Motor W
0.0 Drive arrangement
Eab
Ib B 1 S

0.1 0
Ic C T
1.0

0.1
T4 D T6 D T2 D

TFP4 TFP6 TFP2

Firing pulse control

freq Ipeak

* * 1 FP1
* + Sin +
freq D + Ipeak D -

F Reference current F
TIME
Phase

Measured line current

0.0

FP4
Aref
Nov 2004 PSCAD Transient Simulation for Power Quality Analysis 3
 Machine Drive Example
Ia_motor

Machine current
0.000

IaL
0.040

0.000 Supply side current

-0.040

1.320 1.340 1.360 1.380 1.400 1.420 1.440 1.460 ...

...
...

Nov 2004 PSCAD Transient Simulation for Power Quality Analysis 4

 Active Filter

Converter Idc

dcVltg

Main supply 1 3 5 5 5 3 3 1 1

0.0
gt5 gt3 gt1
Er
Ir Ia_motor BRKM A Motor W

1000.0
Eab A
0.002 #2 #1 1 S
IaS IaL B
EaL 0.0005 0.07 Eap Eas B 0 DIST
Ebc
C T

Motor
Main...

0.5
2 6 4 Timed

*
4 6 2 2 6 4
FLT Breaker
ON OFF gt2 gt6 gt4 BRKM Logic
Ec Eb Ea Open@t0
cbrk
FLT

BRK

2X
400.0

320.0

0
20.0

W
FLT
ACTIVE
FILTER
1

3
EaL

EaL

EaL

Active Filter
IaL

IaL

IaL

Nov 2004 PSCAD Transient Simulation for Power Quality Analysis 5

 Active Filter
IaS IaS
0.050 0.050
0.040 0.040

0.030 0.030
0.020 0.020

0.010 0.010
0.000 0.000

-0.010 -0.010
-0.020 -0.020

-0.030 -0.030
-0.040 -0.040

-0.050 -0.050

IaL IaL
0.050 0.050
0.040 0.040

0.030 0.030
0.020 0.020

0.010 0.010
0.000 0.000
-0.010 -0.010

-0.020 -0.020
-0.030 -0.030

-0.040 -0.040
-0.050 -0.050

... 1.5900 1.6000 1.6100 1.6200 1.6300 1.6400 ...

1.5900 1.6000 1.6100 1.6200 1.6300 1.6400
... ...
... ...

Without filter With filter

Nov 2004 PSCAD Transient Simulation for Power Quality Analysis 6
 Active Filter

Supply Current Supply Current

0.03 0.03

Harmonic content

0.0 0.0
[1] 0.0224994 [1] 0.0230741

Without filter With filter

Nov 2004 PSCAD Transient Simulation for Power Quality Analysis 7

 Active Filter

VFdc

1 3 5

2 2 2
G1 G3 G5
0.001

0.001
0.001

0.001

4 6 2

2 2 2
G4 G6 G2

Nov 2004 PSCAD Transient Simulation for Power Quality Analysis 8

 Active Filter
Iaph
Ia1 A Alpha calculation of instantaneous real power after filtering of real power 'p'
based on alpha, beta quantities only ac component of the
ABC Ibta instantaneous real power is left
Ib1 B to Beta
AlphaBeta

p_inst filtered
Ic1 C
Iaph

p_inst
*
B
Vaph
Va1 A Alpha
Vaph + Pinst

ABC +
Vbta
Vb1 B Beta Ibta
to F
AlphaBeta *

Vc1 C Vbta

3 to 2 phase transformation Determine P and Q to load

calculation of alpha, beta transformation reference currents which are

of current which become of alpha, beta fed into current control of
the reference current currents into active filter
for active filter phase currents

Vaph
*
B
Pinst +
N
N/D
Vaph -
*
B Vbta IaRef
F D Alpha A *
*
+ a2pb2 a2pb2 GR
Vaph + Qinst AlphaBeta IbRef
Beta B *
to
Vbta ABC GR
F
*
Vbta * IcRef
* C
B GR
Vbta Pinst +
N
N/D
+ GR

Nov 2004 PSCAD

Vaph
Transient Simulation for Power Quality Analysis
F D 9
Determine Filter current reference
*
a2pb2

Qinst