Type of DC motor

DC motor can be classified into

three type:
• Shunt motor
• Series motor
• Compound wound motor
 Course Outcome
At the end of this lecture, student should be
able to :
1. Describe the principle of DC motor
2. Derive the formula of DC motor in Voltage,
Power and torque
3. Describe the general characteristic of DC
motor
 Shunt motor
• The shunt motors are used where constant
speed is required and starting conditions are
not severe. The various applications of DC
shunt motor are in Lathe Machines,
Centrifugal Pumps, Fans, Blowers, Conveyors,
Lifts, Weaving Machine, Spinning machines,
etc.
• Low starting torque
 Series motor
• The series DC motors are used where high
starting torque is required, and variations in
speed are possible. For example – the series
motors are used in Traction system, Cranes, air
compressors.
• Good starting torque
 Compound wound motor
• The compound motors are used where higher
starting torque and fairly constant speed is
required. The examples of usage of compound
motors are in Presses, Shears, Conveyors,
Elevators, Rolling Mills, Heavy Planners, etc.
 Shunt motor
Ra
Ia Ra =armature winding resistance
E= back e.m.f (electromagnetic
RF force) voltage
V RF = field winding resistance
E
IF Ia =armature current
IF = field current

V= IaRa + E
E α Nф where , E= kN pi
N = motor speed rev/min
Ф = flux from field winding

V = IaRa + kN Ф
N = V-IaRa/K Ф
Usually, IaRa < 5% of V
N=V/k Ф
This expression means that the speed of the motor is proportional to the voltage
applied and invershy proportional to the flux.
 Power
• From the basic equation V= IaRa + E
• By multiplying each term with Ia:
V Ia =Ia2 Ra + E Ia

Input power
Power loss due to mechanical power
resistance of the developed by
armature wiring armature
 Torque
By definition power = torque x W rad/s
P machine = T.2πN/60
where N = speed rad/min
E Ia = T 2πN/60
However E = kN Ф
kN Ф Ia = T.2πN/60
T = kIa Ф {60/2π} ----rad
T = K1 ФIa ---- N
 Example 1
• The armature of DC machine has a resistance
of 0.1 ohm and is connected to a 230 V DC
supply. Calculate the generated e.m.f when it
is running as a motor taking 60A

0.1ohm
Solution:
60A V = E +IaRa
E = V – IaRa
230V = 230 – 60(0.1)
E=224V = 224 V
 Series motor
armature resistance Field resistance
Ra Rf xf

Ia
IaRa IaRf
V E

V = Ia (Ra + Rf) + E (series motor)

V = IaRa + E (Shunt motor)
 Example 2
• A series motor run at 600 rev/min when
taking Ia 110A from a 230 VDC. The resistance
of armature circuit is 0.15 ohm (Ra) and that
of the series field winding (Rf) is 0.03 ohm.
Calculate the speed when the current fallen to
50 A. assuming the useful flux per pole for
110A to be 0.024 wb and that for 50A to be
0.0155 wb.
 Solution
From basic series motor equation

V= Ia (Ra +Rf) + E
At Ia = 110A, N = 600 rev/min
230 = 110(0.15+0.03) +E
E = 210.2 V
Note
E α Nф where K is constant
210.2 = K (0.024)(600)
K = 14.6
• At Ia = 50A
• From basic equation , V=E +Ia(Ra+Rf)
• E= 221.0V
• But E2 = K ф2 N2
• 221.0 = 14.6 (0.015)N2
• N2 = 976 rev/min
• Note Ia = 110A, N = 600 rpm
• Ia = 50A, N = 976 rpm
• Gross power developed at 110A
• Pg = E x Ia
• = 210.2 x 110 watt
• Efficiency(η) =( P out/P input ) x 100%
• = Pg – Aditional Power Losses/ (V x Ia) x 100%
• Normally, η = 90%
• Additional power losses , exp: friction, wind age, core
losses, eddy current loss. Note: not included Ia2 (Ra + Rf)
• Note:
• V = E + Ia (Ra + Rf)-------(multiply by Ia = power)
• VIa = EIa + Ia2 (Ra + Rf)
• Where:
• VIa = input power
• EIa = gross output power
• Ia2 (Ra + Rf) copper loss
 Compound wound
If
motor
2

Ra Rf1
Rf2
Ia If1
V

Basic equation
V= E + If1 (Ra + Rf1)
V = If2 (Rf2)
Ia = If1 +If2
 Example 3
Rf1 = 0.03 ohm, Rf2 = 2 ohm, Ra = 0.10 ohm, V =
200 V and Ia = 200A, calculate E
Solution,
If2 = V/Rf2 = 200/2 =100A
If1 = Ia – If2 = 200 – 100 = 100A
V = E + If1 (Ra + Rf1)
200 = E + 100 (0.13)
E = 200-13 = 187V
 Speed characteristic
N
Series (exp:
vacum cleaner)

compound

shunt

Ia
 Torque characteristic

T Series

shunt
compound

Ia

Notes:
Torque for shunt is higher than compound
And compound higher than series