Concepts:

- Quality
- Quality Control
- Different between Q. Control
and Q. Assurance
Margariluz Nuñez Javier
15-0555
 What is Quality?

Quality has been defined as fitness for

use, conformance to requirements, and
the pursuit of excellence. Even though
the concept of quality has existed from
early times, the study and definition of
quality have been given prominence
only in the last century.
What is Quality
Control?
Refers to the checks carried out on a
product by workers, during stages of its
manufacture. These checks may include,
simply ensuring that components are
positioned correctly, or that they are the
correct type and size. A final quality check
should include, testing the product to
ensure it is to the correct standard, before
it is distributed to the retailer / customer.
Quality Control
The quality control activity during
production consists of taking
samples from the run continuously,
taking measurements on the samples
immediately, and then plotting them
rapidly on a Shewhart Chart.

During production, measurements

typically fall close to the center line,
some above it, some below it, some
on the center line.
 Background
Following the Industrial Revolution and the
rise of mass production, it became important
to better define and control the quality of
products. Originally, the goal of quality was to
ensure that engineering requirements were
met in final products. Later, as manufacturing
processes became more complex, quality
developed into a discipline for controlling
process variation as a means of producing
quality products.
 Precursors of Quality Control

Walter A. Shewhart Joseph Juran W. Edward Deming

Walter A. Shewhart
Modern quality control originated with
Walter A. Shewhart, then working at
Bell Telephone Laboratories. Shewhart
devised a control chart named after
him in 1923 and in 1931 published his
method in Economic Control of Quality
of Manufactured Product. Shewhart's
method saw its introduction at
Western Electric Company's Hawthorn
plant in 1926.
Joseph Juran
Joseph Juran was one of the people
trained in the technique. In 1928 he
wrote a pamphlet entitled Statistical
Methods Applied to Manufacturing
Problems which was later incorporated
into the AT&T Statistical Quality
Control Handbook which is still in
print. In 1951 Juran published his very
influential Quality Control Handbook.
W. Edward Deming
W. Edwards Deming went to Japan to
assist in the preparation of the 1951
Japanese Census. Being an expert on
statistical methods, the Japanese Union of
Scientists and Engineers (JUSE), having
heard of Shewhart's techniques, invited
Deming to lecture on statistical quality
control. Deming gave a series of lectures
in 1950 aimed both at describing SQC and
at motivating his audience of executives.
Quality Control vs Quality Assurance
 Quality Control
Tools

• Cause-and-effect diagram (also

called Ishikawa or fishbone
chart):
Identifies many possible causes
for an effect or problem and sorts
ideas into useful categories.
 Quality Control Tools

• Check sheet:
A structured, prepared form
for collecting and analyzing
data; a generic tool that can
be adapted for a wide
variety of purposes.
 Quality Control
Tools

• Control charts:
Graphs used to study
how a process changes
over time.
 Quality Control
Tools

• Histogram:
The most commonly
used graph for showing
frequency distributions,
or how often each
different value in a set of
data occurs.
 Quality Control
Tools

• Pareto chart:
Shows on a bar graph
which factors are more
significant.
 Quality Control
Tools

• Scatter diagram:
Graphs pairs of
numerical data, one
variable on each axis, to
look for a relationship.
 Quality Control
Tools

• Stratification:
A technique that separates
data gathered from a
variety of sources so that
patterns can be seen (some
lists replace “stratification”
with “flowchart” or “run
chart”).
Important
terms
• Quality Circles
• JIT
• TQM
• ISO 9000
• Lean Manufacturing
• Six Sigma
• Poka-yoke