 Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi

2017-2018

Seminar Report

On
“ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL”

Seminar carried out by

MUHAMMED THANZIM (4SF13ME077)

Under the guidance of

Mr. ADESH PADIVAL B

Assistant professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering SCEM, Mangaluru

1

SAHYADRI

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

SAHYADRI CAMPUS, ADYAR, MANGALURU-575007 1

ADAPTIVE
CRUISE CONTROL

MUHAMMED THANZIM
4SF13ME077
2
CONTENTS:-

 INTRODUCTION
 PRINCIPLE OF ACC
 PHYSICAL OVERVIEW
 DEFINITIONS/TERMINOLOGIES
 COMPONENTS OF ACC SYSTEM
 CONTROL SYSTEM INTERFACE
 PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF AN ACC SYSTEM
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION

3
INTRODUCTION:-

What is Adaptive Cruise Control ?

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an automotive feature

that allows a vehicle's cruise control system to adapt the
vehicle's speed to the traffic environment. A radar
system attached to the front of the vehicle is used to
detect whether slower moving vehicles are in the ACC
vehicle's path.

Introduced in 1970’s in USA. This system is now available

in luxury cars like Mercedes S-class, Jaguar XJ, Volvo
trucks etc…
4
PRINCIPLE:-
How does it work?
If a slower moving vehicle is detected, the ACC system
will slow the vehicle down and control the clearance, or
time gap, between the ACC vehicle and the forward
vehicle. If the system detects that the forward vehicle is
no longer in the ACC vehicle's path, the ACC system will
accelerate the vehicle back to its set cruise control
speed. This operation allows the ACC vehicle to
autonomously slow down and speed up with traffic
without intervention from the driver. The method by
which the ACC vehicle's speed is controlled is via engine
throttle control and limited brake operation.

5
PHYSICAL OVERVIEW:-

6
DEFINITIONS:-
 Adaptive Cruise Control:– An enhancement to a
conventional cruise control system which allows the
ACC vehicle to follow a forward vehicle at an
appropriate distance.

 ACC vehicle:- The subject vehicle equipped with the

ACC system.

 Active brake control:- A function which causes

application of the brakes without driver application of
the brake pedal.

 Clearance: – Distance from the forward vehicle's

trailing surface to the ACC vehicle's leading surface.

7
 Forward vehicle – any one of the vehicles in front of
and moving in the same direction and traveling on the
same roadway as the ACC vehicle.

 Set speed – the desired cruise control travel speed set

by the driver and is the maximum desired speed of the
vehicle while under ACC control.

 Target vehicle – one of the forward vehicles in the path

of the ACC vehicle that is closest to the ACC vehicle.

 Time gap – the time interval between the ACC vehicle

and the target vehicle. The 'time gap' is related to the
'clearance' and vehicle speed by:

8
Different STATES (MODES) in ACC System-

 ACC off mode

 ACC standby mode
 ACC active mode. This consists of the following 2 modes-
 ACC speed control mode
 ACC time gap control mode

9
 COMPONENTS OF AN ACC SYSTEM
1) ACC Module – The primary function of the ACC module is to process the
radar information and determine if a forward vehicle is present.
2) Engine Control Module – The primary function of the Engine Control
Module is to receive information from the ACC module and Instrument Cluster
and control the vehicle's speed based on this information.

3) Brake Control Module – The primary function of the Brake Control Module
is to determine vehicle speed via each wheel and to decelerate the vehicle by
applying the brakes when requested by the ACC Module.

4) Instrument Cluster – The primary function of the Instrument Cluster is to

process the Cruise Switches and send their information to the ACC and
Engine Control Modules.
5) CAN – The Controller Area Network (CAN) is an automotive standard
network that utilizes a 2 wire bus to transmit and receive data. Each node on
the network has the capability to transmit 0 to 8 bytes of data in a message
frame.
10
6) Cruise Switches – The Cruise Switches are mounted on the steering wheel and
have several buttons which allow the driver to command operation of the ACC
system. The switches include:
On : place system in the 'ACC standby' state
Off : cancel ACC operation and place system in the 'ACC off' state
Set + : activate ACC and establish set speed or accelerate
Set - : decelerate
Res : resume to set speed
Coast: To decelerate or cancel the ACC system
Mounted on steering wheel

Cruise control switch

11
7) Brake Switches (BS) – There are two brake switches, Brake Switch 1 (BS1)
and Brake Switch 2 (BS2). When either brake switch is activated, Cruise Control
operation is deactivated and the system enters 'ACC standby' state.

8) Brake Lights – When the Brake Control Module applies the brakes in
response to an ACC request, it will illuminate the brake lights to warn vehicles
behind the ACC vehicle that it is decelerating.

9) Sensors/Radars – Currently 4 types of radars are available. They are-

 LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
 RADAR ( Radio Detection and Ranging)
 VISION SENSORS
 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

12
LIDAR- The first ACC system introduced by Toyota used this
method. By measuring the beat frequency difference between a
Frequency Modulated Continuous light Wave (FMCW) and its
reflection.

JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE ADAPTIVE

CRUISE CONTROL
SENSOR PLACED BELOW THE GRILL

RADAR:- RADAR is an electromagnetic system for the detection and location

of reflecting objects like air crafts, ships, space crafts or vehicles. It is operated
by radiating energy into space and detecting the echo signal reflected from an
object (target). Most of the current ACC systems are based on 77GHz RADAR
sensors. The RADAR systems have the great advantage that the relative
velocity can be measured directly, and the performance is not affected by
heavy rain and fog. 13
FUSION SENSOR- The new sensor system introduced by Fujitsu Ten Ltd. and

Honda through their PATH program includes millimeter wave radar linked to a
640x480 pixel stereo camera with a 40 degree viewing angle. These two parts
work together to track the car from the non-moving objects. While RADAR
target is the car’s rear bumper, the stereo camera is constantly captures all
objects in its field of view.

14
CONTROL SYSTEM INTERFACES:-

15
PHYSICAL
LAYOUT OF
ACC SYSTEM:-

16
ADVANTAGES:-

1. The driver is relieved from the task of careful

acceleration, deceleration and braking in congested
traffics.

2. A highly responsive traffic system that adjusts itself to

avoid accidents can be developed.

3. Since the braking and acceleration are done in a

systematic way, the fuel efficiency of the vehicle is
increased.

17
DISADVANTAGES:-
1. A cheap version is not yet realized.

2. A high market penetration is required if a society

of intelligent vehicles is to be formed.

3. Encourages the driver to become careless. It can

lead to severe accidents if the system is
malfunctioning.

4. The ACC systems yet evolved enable vehicles to

co-operate with each other vehicles and hence do
not respond directly to traffic signals.
18
CONCLUSION:-
 The accidents caused by automobiles are injuring lakhs of people every
 year. The safety measures starting from air bags and seat belts have now
 reached to ACC, SACC and CACC systems. The researchers of Intelligent
 Vehicles Initiative in USA and the Ertico program of Europe are working on
 technologies that may ultimately lead to vehicles that are wrapped in a
cocoon
 of sensors with a 360 –degree view of their surroundings. It will probably take
 decades, but car accidents may eventually become as rare as plane accidents
are
 now, even though the road laws will have to be changed, up to an extent
since
 the non-human part of the vehicle controlling will become predominant.
19
Thank you

20