The Titans and the Twelve

Great Olympians (lesser

Gods and Goddesses
Angelica Alemania
Christian Ancen Alforo
Who are the Titans?

 Uranus and Gaea

 Six sons
 Six daughters
 Giant like
Cronus, Cronos or Kronos

 was the leader and youngest of the first

generation of Titans, the divine
descendants of Uranus, the sky,
and Gaia, the earth. He overthrew his
father and ruled during the
mythological Golden Age, until he was
overthrown by his own son Zeus and
imprisoned in Tartarus.
 "Golden Age" denotes a period of
primordial peace, harmony, stabilit
y, and prosperity. During this age
peace and harmony prevailed,
people did not have to work to
feed themselves, for the earth
provided food in abundance. They
lived to a very old age with a
youthful appearance, eventually
dying peacefully, with spirits living
on as
"guardians". Plato in Cratylus (397
e) recounts the golden race of
humans who came first. He
clarifies that Hesiod did not mean
literally made of gold, but good
and noble.
Iapetus

 Iapetus ("the Piercer") is the

one Titan mentioned by Homer in
the Iliad (8.478–81) as being
in Tartarus with Cronus. He is a brother
of Cronus, who ruled the world during
the Golden Age. His name derives from
the word iapto ("wound, pierce") and
usually refers to a spear, implying that
Iapetus may have been regarded as a
god of craftsmanship, though scholars
mostly describe him as the god of
mortality.
Hyperion
 Hyperion fathered Helios (Sun), Selene (Moon)
and Eos (Dawn).
 Titan god of heavenly light
 Hyperion was one of four Titan brothers who
conspired with Kronos (Cronus) to castrate and
depose their father Ouranos. When Sky
descended to lie with Earth, Hyperion, Krios
(Crius), Koios (Coeus) and Iapetos (Iapetus)--
posted at the four corners of the world--seized
hold of their father and held him fast while
Kronos castrated him with a sickle. In this
myth these four Titanes (Titans) personify the
great pillars holding heaven and earth apart or
the entire cosmos aloft described in Near-
Eastern cosmogonies. As the father of the sun
and dawn, Hyperion was no doubt regarded as
the Titan of the pillar of the east. His brothers
Koios, Krios and Iapetos presided respectively
over the north, south and west.
 Hyperion is always distinguished from Helios;
the former was ascribed the characteristics of
the "God of Watchfulness, Wisdom and the
Light", while the latter became the physical
incarnation of the Sun.
 Oceanus
Titan of the Ocean
Eldest Titan
Father of the Waters
Oceanus is the eldest of the Titans,
children of Ouranos and Gaea. Often
called the "Father of the Waters", he
is the Titan Lord of the Seas, as well
as the ocean that encircled the flat
earth. Oceanus is the husband of
Tethys who bore him the Oceanidsand
the Potamoi. He is the predecessor
of Poseidon as the Ruler of the Seas
and Lord of the Waters. His Roman
counterpart is Ocean.
Coeus /ˈsiːəs/

 the embodiment of the celestial axis

around which the heavens revolve.
 Coeus also represented one of the four
pillars that hold the heavens and the
earth apart. He was the pillar of the
north, while the other three pillars were
personified by his
brothers Hyperion, Iapetus and Crius.
The four brothers played an important
role in dethroning their father, Uranus;
as they were located in the four corners of
the earth, they held Uranus in place,
while their brother Cronus castrated him
with the diamond sickle that their
mother Gaea had given him.
 Although Coeus does not have an active
role in Ancient Greek religion, he was
important through his
children, Leto and Asteria, whom he had
with his wife and
sister, Phoebe. Leto was one of Zeus'
lovers and gave birth to the
twin Olympians, Artemis and Apollo.
Crius

 was considered one of the four pillars

that hold the heavens and the earth
apart. He represented the pillar of the
south, while the other three pillars
were personified by his
brothers Iapetus, Coeus and Hyperi
on. The four brothers had an
important role during the dethroning
of their father, Uranus; as they were
in the four corners of the earth, they
held Uranus in place, while their
brother Cronus castrated him with a
sickle that their mother had given
them.
 In the Titanomachy, the war
between the Titans and
the Olympians, Crius participated
siding with the Titans, but did not
have a specific role. When
the Titans were defeated, Crius along
with the rest of his siblings was
thrown into Tartarus, the lower level
of the Underworld.
Theia (Thia, Thea, Euryphaessa)

 Theia or Thea was a Titan goddess of shining,

associated with shining light, shining metals or jewels.
Her other name Euryphaessa means "wide-shining" and
therefore she was connected with all that is shining. In
Pindar's Isthmian Odes, Theia is described as the
goddess of shining after whom men honored gold as the
most powerful shining object. She was also a goddess of
sight, because ancient Greeks believed that eyes
emitted beams of light which allowed them to see what
they looked upon. She was one of the twelve titans and
one of the six daughters of Uranus and Gaea. Theia
was also, like her sisters Phoebe and Themis, associated
with prophecies. She had a shrine in Thessaly.
 The mother of the Sun, the Moon and the Dawn
 Theia married her brother Hyperion (Titan god of light)
and together they gave birth to Helios (the
sun), Selene (the moon) and Eos (the dawn).

 Rhea
 She was responsible for the way things flow in
the kingdom of Cronus (her name means 'that
which flows').
 Rhea and Cronus had six
children; Hestia, Hades, Demeter, Poseidon,
Hera and Zeus. Cronus, afraid that he would
be overthrown by his children just like he had
done with his father, decided to swallow all of
them. However, he was tricked by Rhea, who
managed to save Zeusfrom his father.
When Zeus grew up, he forced his father to
disgorge his siblings and eventually overthrew
him.
 Although Rhea was considered the "mother of
gods", similarly to Gaeaand Cybele, she did not
have a strong cult and many followers. She had
a temple in Crete, the place in which she
hid Zeus to save from his father. In art, she
started appearing in the fourth century BC;
however, she was often depicted with
characteristics similar to those used for Cybele,
thus making the two goddesses
indistinguishable. Rhea was often symbolised as
a pair of lions that pulled a celestial chariot. This
symbol was often placed on city gates, the best known example
being that at the city of Mycenae, where two stone lions guarded the gates.
Mnemosyne
 She was the oracular goddess of the
underground oracle of Trophonios in the
region of Boeotia.
 Zeus slept with Mnemosyne for nine
consecutive days, eventually leading to
the birth of the nine Muses. In
Hesiod's Theogony, the kings and poets
were inspired by Mnemosyne and the
Muses, thus getting their extraordinary
abilities in speech and using powerful
words.
 The name Mnemosyne was also used
for a river in the Underworld, Hades,
which flowed parallel to the river
of Lethe (which means forgetfulness).
Usually, the souls of the dead would
drink water from Lethe, so that they
would forget their past lives when they
would be reincarnated. However, the
souls of the novices were told to drink
water from Mnemosyne. This myth may
have been part of a small mystic religion
or be tied to Orphic poetry.
 Phoebe

 Phoebe was one of the Titans, daughter

of Uranus and Gaea. She was married to her
brother Coeus, with whom she
had Asteria (the starry one) and Leto.
The Olympians Apollo and Artemis, twin
siblings, were the children of Leto; thus, they
were often referred to as Phoebus
and Phoebe respectively, taking their
alternative names from their
grandmother. Phoebe was associated with
the moon and the Oracle of Delphi, and was
considered to be the goddess of prophecy.
 In the Titanomachy, the War between
the Titans and the Olympian gods which
resulted in the defeat of the
former, Phoebe did not participate and
therefore, she was spared imprisonment
in Tartarus.

 Tethys
 TETHYS was the Titan goddess of the
primal font of fresh water which nourishes
the earth. She was the wife
of Okeanos(Oceanus), the earth-
encircling, fresh-water stream, and the
mother of the Potamoi (Rivers),
the Okeanides(Oceanids) (nymphs of
springs, streams and fountains), and
the Nephelai (Clouds). Tethys, daughter of
Gaia (Earth), fed her children's springs
with the waters of Okeanos drawn through
subterranean acquifers. Her name was
derived from the Greek
word têthê meaning "nurse" or
"grandmother".
 In Greek vase painting Tethys appears as
an unremarkable woman accompanied
by Eileithyia, goddess of childbirth, and
her fish-tailed husband Okeanos. In
mosaic art she was depicted with a small
pair of wings on her brow which probably
signified her role of mother of rain-couds.
Themis
 Themis was one of the Titans, daughter of Uranus and Gaea. She was
the human-like representation of the natural and moral order. The name
derives from the Greek word meaning that which is current and
contemporary. According to Hesiod, she was the second wife of Zeus, a
marriage that helped the supreme Olympian to stabilise his power over
all gods and humans.
 Themis also represents the law and undisputed order, the divine right.
She was the goddess that created the divine laws that govern everything
and are even above gods themselves. In general, Themishad three
subsistences; goddess of natural order, which manifested through the
Hores (the Hours), meaning the seasonal and never-ceasing rotation of
time; goddess of moral order, manifested through Eunomia (fair order),
Deke (trial) and Erene (peace), which were the utmost characteristics of
the society, and through the Moires, which represented the destiny of
every human being; and finally, goddess of prophecy, shown through the
Nymphs, as well as the virgin Astraea.
 Initially, Themis substituted her mother in the Oracle of Delphi, having
inherited the ability to foresee events from her; however,
when Apollo was born, Themis cared so much for him that she
eventually offered the Oracle to him.
• THE TWELVE OLYMPIAN GODS
AND GODESSES

In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the

twelve Olympians are the major deities of the
Greek pantheon, commonly considered to be
Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo,
Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephaestus, Hermes,
and either Hestia or Dionysus. They were called
'Olympians' because they were considered to
reside on Mount Olympus.

Although Hades was a major ancient Greek god,

and was the brother of the first generation of
Olympians: Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, and
Hestia, he resided in the underworld, far from
Olympus, and thus was not usually considered to
be one of the Olympians.
Athena

 Athena, the goddess of wisdom

and military victory, and also the
patron of the city of Athens, was
Hercules' half-sister. Her parents
were Zeus and Metis, a nymph.
 Aphrodite

 Aphrodite (/æfrəˈdaɪti/ ( listen) af-rə-DY-tee; Greek:

Ἀφροδίτη Aphrodite) is the ancient Greek goddess of love,
beauty, pleasure, and procreation. She is identified with the
planet Venus, which is named after the Roman goddess Venus,
with whom Aphrodite was extensively syncretized.
Artemis

 Artemis (/ˈɑːrtɪmɪs/; Greek: Ἄρτεμις Artemis, Attic

Greek: [ár.te.mis]) was one of the most widely
venerated of the Ancient Greek deities. Her Roman
equivalent is Diana. Some scholars believe that the
name, and indeed the goddess herself, was originally
pre-Greek. Homer refers to her as Artemis
Agrotera, Potnia Theron: "Artemis of the wildland,
Mistress of Animals".
Poseidon
 Poseidon (/pəˈsaɪdən, pɒ-, poʊ-
/; Greek: Ποσειδῶν, pronounced [pose͜edɔ́͜ɔn]) was one of
the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth.
He was god of the Sea and other waters; of earthquakes;
and of horses.In pre-Olympian Bronze Age Greece, he was
venerated as a chief deity at Pylos and Thebes.
 Poseidon was protector of seafarers, and of many Hellenic
cities and colonies. In Homer's Iliad, Poseidon supports the
Greeks against the Trojans during the Trojan War. In
the Odyssey, during the sea-voyage from Troy back home
to Ithaca, the Greek hero Odysseus provokes Poseidon's
fury by blinding his son the Cyclops Polyphemus, resulting
in Poseidon punishing him with storms, the complete loss of
his ship and companions, and a ten-year delay. Poseidon is
also the subject of a Homeric hymn.
In Plato's Timaeus and Critias, the island of Atlantis was
Poseidon's domain.His Roman equivalent is Neptune.
Zeus

 Zeus was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian
gods. He overthrew his father, Cronus, and then drew
lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades, in order to
decide who would succeed their father on the
throne. Zeus won the draw and became the supreme
ruler of the gods, as well as lord of the sky and rain.
Ares

 Ares is the Greek god of war. He is one of the Twelve

Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera. In Greek
literature, he often represents the physical or violent and
untamed aspect of war, in contrast to his sister the
armored Athena, whose functions as a goddess of
intelligence include military strategy and generalship.
Hermes
 Hermes (/ˈhɜːrmiːz/; Greek: Ἑρμῆς) is an Olympian god in
Greek religion and mythology, the son of Zeus and the Pleiad Maia,
and the second youngest of the Olympian gods (Dionysus being the
youngest).
 Hermes was the emissary and messenger of the gods. Hermes was
also "the divine trickster" and "the god of boundaries and the
transgression of boundaries, ... the patron of herdsmen, thieves,
graves, and heralds." He is described as moving freely between the
worlds of the mortal and divine, and was the conductor of souls into
the afterlife.] He was also viewed as the protector and patron of
roads and travelers.
 In some myths, he is a trickster and outwits other gods for his own
satisfaction or for the sake of humankind. His attributes and
symbols include the herma, the rooster, the tortoise, satchel or
pouch, winged sandals, and winged cap. His main symbol is the
Greek kerykeion or Latin caduceus,which appears in a form of two
snakes wrapped around a winged staff with carvings of the other
gods.]
 Apollo
 Apollo is one of the most complex and important gods, and is the god of many things, including: music, poetry, art,
oracles, archery, plague, medicine, sun, light and knowledge.
 Both Leto and Zeus were proud of their son, who was radiant with grace and beauty.

 Apollo was the son of Leto and Zeus. He was born on the island of Delos.
 He and his twin sister Artemis, also an Olympian, shared an aptitude for archery.
 His forename, Phoebus, means “bright” or “pure” and connects him to his grandmother, the Titan Phoebe.
 Apollo, a masterful magician, was known for delighting Olympus with tunes played on his golden lyre. His lyre, a stringed
instrument that resembles a small harp, was made by Hermes.
 The nine Muses were companions of his; they were goddesses known for inspiring art and music.
 Apollo taught men the art of medicine, so he is often referred to as “The Healer.”
 Apollo is alternately referred to as the God of Light and the God of Truth.
 Apollo served as an intermediary between the gods and men.
 Because of his truthfulness and integrity, he was granted the gift of prophecy and oracles.
 Apollo defended the oracle at Delphi against Hercules, who was angry at the priestess for having denied him a prophecy.
 Apollo killed a serpent named Python as a result of a contest; it was conquered by a single arrow.
 According to Homer’s Illiad, Apollo played a major part in the Trojan War. He infected the Greek encampment with a
plague and aided Paris in killing Achilles.
 Ironically, Apollo was also a purifier, able to cleanse even those stained with the blood of their relatives.
 The dolphin and swan were the animals sacred to him.
 The laurel, used in Greece as a status symbol, was Apollo’s tree.
Hera
 Hera (/ˈhɛrə, ˈhɪərə/; Greek: Ἥρᾱ Hērā, equivalently Ἥρη Hērē,
in Ionic and Homer) is the goddess of women and marriage in Greek
mythologyand religion. She is the daughter of
the Titans Cronus and Rhea.
 Hera is married to her brother Zeus and is titled as the Queen of
Heaven. One of her characteristics is her jealous and vengeful
nature against Zeus's other lovers and offspring and against the
mortals who cross her. Hera is commonly seen with the animals she
considers sacred including the cow, lion and the peacock. Portrayed
as majestic and solemn, often enthroned, and crowned with
the polos (a high cylindrical crown worn by several of the Great
Goddesses), Hera may hold a pomegranate in her hand, emblem of
fertile blood and death and a substitute for the narcotic capsule of
the opium poppy. Scholar of Greek mythology Walter Burkert writes
in Greek Religion, "Nevertheless, there are memories of an earlier
aniconic representation, as a pillar in Argos and as a plank in
Samos."
 Her counterpart in the religion of ancient Rome was Juno.
Hestia

 In Ancient Greek
religion, Hestia (/ˈhɛstiə/; Greek: Ἑστία, "hearth" or
"fireside") is a virgin goddess of the hearth, architecture,
and the right ordering of domesticity, the family, the
home, and the state. In Greek mythology, she is a
daughter of Cronus and Rhea.
 Hestia received the first offering at every sacrifice in the
household. In the public domain, the hearth of
the prytaneum functioned as her official sanctuary. With
the establishment of a new colony, flame from Hestia's
public hearth in the mother city would be carried to the
new settlement. Her Roman equivalent is Vesta.
 Hestia's name means "hearth, fireplace,
altar", the oikos, the household, house, or family.
Demeter
 In ancient Greek religion and Greek
mythology, Demeter (/dɪˈmiːtər/; Attic: Δημήτηρ Dēmḗtēr,
pronounced [dɛːmɛ́ːtɛːr]; Doric: Δαμάτηρ Dāmā́tēr) is the
goddess of the harvest and agriculture, who presided
over grains and the fertility of the earth. Her cult titles
include Sito (Σιτώ), "she of the Grain", as the giver of food
or grain, and Thesmophoros (θεσμός, thesmos: divine
order, unwritten law; φόρος, phoros: bringer, bearer), "Law-
Bringer", as a mark of the civilized existence of agricultural
society.
 Though Demeter is often described simply as the goddess of
the harvest, she presided also over the sacred law, and the
cycle of life and death. She and her
daughter Persephone were the central figures of
the Eleusinian Mysteries that predated the Olympian
pantheon.
Hepaesthus

 Hephaestus was the god of fire, metalworking, stone

masonry, forges and the art of sculpture. He was the son
of Zeus and Hera and married to Aphrodite by Zeus to
prevent a war of the gods fighting for her hand. He was
a smithing god, making all of the weapons for Olympus
and acting as a blacksmith for the gods.
Dionysus

 Dionysus (/daɪ.əˈnaɪsəs/; Greek: Διόνυσος Dionysos) is

the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of
ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in
ancient Greek religion and myth.
MINOR GREEK GODS AND
GODDESSES

 They are called minor gods/ godesses because unlike the

great olympians, the minor gods/ godesses only control
a specific area during their rule in greek mythlogy
 E.g. dionysus controls wine/ festivals while apollo is the
overall god of fulfillment.
 Asclepius

 Asclepius was the god of medicine

and healing in ancient Greek
mythology, according to which he
was born a mortal but was given
immortality as the constellation
Ophiuchus after his death. His name
means "cut up," and (perhaps
incidentially) shares a root with the
word scalpel. He represents the
healing aspect of the medical arts,
while his daughters Hygieia,
Meditrine, and Panacea symbolize
the forces of cleanliness, medicine
and healing (literally, "all-healing"),
respectively. Occasionally he is also
linked to his son Telesforos, who
represents the powers of
recuperation.
 Chaos

 In Greek mythology, Chaos or Khaos

is the primeval state of existence
from which the first gods appeared.
In other words, the dark void of
space. It is made from a mixture of
what the Ancient Greeks considered
the four elements: earth, air, water
and fire. For example, when a log is
burned, the flames were attributed to
the fire in it, the smoke the air in it,
the water and grease that come from
it were supposed to be the water,
and the ashes left over were the
earth.
 Dione

 DIONE was the Titan goddess

of the oracle of Dodona in
Thesprotia, and the mother
of Aphrodite byZeus. Her
name is simply the feminine
form of Zeus (Dios).
 Fates - Clotho spun the “thread” of
human fate, Lachesisdispensed it,
and Atropos cut the thread (thus
determining the individual's moment
of death). The Romans identified
the Parcae, originally personifications
of childbirth, with the three Greek
Fates. The Roman goddesses were
named Nona, Decuma, and Morta.

 Hebe
 Cupbearer to the gods
Goddess of eternal youth
 Served the olympians their nectar
and ambrosia
Gaia
 Gaia is the Earth goddess. She
mated with her son Uranus to
produce the remaining Titans.

 Charites –
 or Grace is one of three or more
minor goddesses of charm, beauty,
nature, human creativity, and
fertility, together known as
the Charites. they were three:
Aglaea, the youngest, Euphrosyne
and Thalia
 Erebus
 In Greek mythology, Erebus, or
Erebos was often conceived as a
primordial deity, representing the
personification of darkness

 Erinyes - Furies
 were female personifications of
vengeance. They were usually
said to have been born from the
blood of Uranus when Cronus
castrated him. "infernal
goddesses"
 Eris
 Eris is the Greek goddess of
chaos, strife and discord, her
name being translated into Latin
as Discordia.

 Eros
 In Greek mythology, Eros was the
god responsible for lust, love, and
sex; he was also worshipped as a
fertility deity.
 Ether or Aether
 In Greek mythology, Aether,
also known as Acmon, is one of
the primordial deities, the first-
born elementals. His name
means "light" in ancient Greek
 EURUS God of the East Wind.
Nothing to do with the Euro.

 HARMONIA: Goddess of
Harmony, opposite of Eris.
 MORPHEUS: God of Sleep, Dreams;
The Dreambringer. He is often prayed
to for dreamless sleep or easy sleep.
Morpheus resides in the Land of
Dreams, somewhere in the
Underworld.

 Nemesis
 In Greek mythology, Nemesis was the
goddess of divine justice and
vengeance.
 Nyx
 Nyx was the primordial goddess of the
night.

 Pan
 He is the god of goatherds and shepherds.
He is mostly human in appearance but,
with goat horns and goat feet.
 The Muses
 The Muses are the Greek goddesses who preside over the arts and sciences
and inspire those who excel at these pursuits.
 Clio (History)

Urania (Astronomy)

Melpomene (Tragedy)

Thalia (Comedy)

Terpsichore (Dance)

Calliope (Epic Poetry)

Erato (Love Poetry)

Polyhymnia (Songs to the Gods),

Euterpe (Lyric Poetry)
 Nymph
 a mythological spirit of nature
imagined as a beautiful maiden
inhabiting rivers, woods, or other
locations.

 NIKE: Goddess of Victory. Yes,

she is a girl, contrary to popular
belief. She is swift-footed and
strong.

 Persephone
 Persephone was the Queen of the
Underworld, consort of Hades and the
daughter of Demeter and Zeus.

 PHOBOS and DEIMOS: Phobos is the

minor god of panic and fear, Deimos of
terror and dread. They often accompany
Ares into battle
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