ADVENT OF A

NATIONAL
HERO

CHAPTER 1
 DR. JOSE RIZAL
( DR. JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO ALONZO Y REALONDA )
• Is a unique example of a many-splendored genius who
became the greatest hero of a nation.
• Endowed by God with versatile gifts, he was a
“ Physician, Poet, Dramatist, Essayist, Novelist, Naturalist,
Historian, Architect, Painter, Sculptor, Educator, Linguist,
Musician, Naturalist, Ethologist, Surveyor, Engineer, Farmer
businessman, Economist, Geographer, Cartographer,
Bibliophile, Philologist, Grammarian, Folklorist, Philosopher,
Translator, Inventor, Magician, Humorist, Satirist, Polemicist,
Sportsman, Traveler, and a Prophet ” above all and beyond
these, he was a HERO and POLITICAL MARTYR for the
redemption of his oppressed people.
 THE BIRTH OF A HERO

• Jose Rizal was born on Wednesday, June 19, 1861, in

Lakeshore Town of Calamba, Laguna Province, Philippines.
• His mother almost died during the delivery because of his
big head.
• He was baptized in the Catholic Church of his town on June
22, aged three days old, by the parish priest Father Rufino
Collantes.
 THE BIRTH OF A HERO
• Father Pedro Casanas
• Godfather
• Native of Calamba and close friend of the Rizal Family.
• His name “Jose“ was chosen by his mother who was a
devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)
 THE BIRTH OF A HERO
• Note that at the time Rizal was born, the governor
general of the Philippines was Lieutenant –General Jose
Lemery.
• He governed the Philippines from February 2, 1861 to
July 7, 1862. Incidentally, on the same date from Rizal’s
birth.
 RIZAL’S PARENTS
• Jose Rizal was the 7th of the
eleven children of Francisco
Mercado Rizal and Teodora
Alonso Realonda.
 RIZAL’S PARENTS
• Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898) (father)
- Was born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818.
- Studied Latin and Philisophy at the College of San
Jose in Manila.
- Following his parent’s death, he moved to Calamba
and became a Tenant-Farmer.
- He died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80.
 RIZAL’S PARENTS
• Doña Teodora (1826-1911) (mother)
- Was born in Manila on Nov 8, 1826
- Studied in College of Santa Rosa. (A well known
college for girls in the city)
- She died in Manila on Aug 16, 1911 at the age of 85.
- Shortly after her death, the Philippine Gov. offered
her a life pension but she courteously rejected.
 THE RIZAL CHILDREN
• All in all, Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso
Realonda had eleven children. There were two boys and
nine girls. These children were as follows:
1. Saturnina 7. Jose
2. Paciano 8. Concepcion
3. Narcisa 9. Josefa
4. Olimpia 10. Trinidad
5. Lucia 11. Soledad
6. Maria
SATURNINA (1850-1913)
• Born on June 4, 1850
• She is the oldest of the Rizal
children.
• Nicknamed “Neneng”
• Married to Manuel T. Hidalgo
of Tanawan, Batangas
• Died on Sept 14, 1913
 PACIANO (1851–1930)

• Born on March 9, 1851

• Older brother and Confidant (a person with whom one shares a secret or private matter )
of Jose Rizal.
• After his younger brother’s execution, he joined the Philippine
Revolution and became a combat General.
• He had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena)
– a boy and a girl.
• He died on April 13, 1930 (aged 79)
 NARCISA (1852-1939)

• Her pet name was “Sisa”

• Married to Antonio Lopez, a school teacher in
Morong.
• After Rizal’s burial, she made a gift to the caretaker
to mark the site “RPJ”, Rizal’s initials in
reverse.
 OLIMPIA (1855-1887)
• Her pet name was “Ypia”
• Married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a
telegraph operator from
Manila.
• The sister whom the Hero loves to
tease; Jose loved to tease her,
Jose sometimes good-
humoredly describing her as
his stout sister.
• Died in 1887 from childbirth.
 LUCIA (1857-1919)
• Married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba
who was a nephew of Father Casanas
Herbosa
• One of Lucia and Mariano’s children,
Delfina, became renowned for being
one of the three women who seamed
together the Philippine Flag.
• Died on Dec 25, 1919
MARIA (1859-1945)
• Her nickname was “Biang”
• It was to her whom Jose talked
about wanting to marry
Josephine Bracken
• Married to Daniel Faustino Cruz
of Biñan, Laguna
 JOSE (1861-1896)
• The National Hero of the Philippines
• Born on June 19, 1861
• His nickname was “Pepe”
• During his exile in Dapitan, he lived
with Josephine Bracken – Irish
girl from Hong Kong. He had a
son by her, but later on died few
hours after birth.
• Rizal named him “Francisco” after his
father and buried him in Dapitan.
• Was executed on Dec 30, 1896 by firing
squad
 CONCEPCION (1862-1865)

• Her nickname was “Concha”

• She died of sickness at the age of 3.
• The Hero’s First Grief
 JOSEFA (1865-1945)
• Her nickname was “Panggoy”
• She was one of the 29 women
admitted to the Katipunan along with
Gregoria de Jesus, wife of
Andres Bonifacio.
• She died a spinster (unwedded)
at an age of 80
TRINIDAD (1868-1951)
• Her nickname was “Trining”
• Trinidad and their mother visited him in the
Fort Santiago prison cell. As they were
leaving, Jose handed over to Trining an
alcohol stove, a gift from the Pardo de
Taveras, elegy now known as the“Mi Ultimo
Adios.”
• Like Josefa and two nieces, Trinidad joined the
Katipunan after Rizal’s death.
• She also died as a spinster in 1951 at the age of 83
and was the last of the Rizal Children to pass
away.
 SOLEDAD (1870-1929)
• Her nickname was “Choleng”
• Was the youngest among the Rizal
Children.
• Being a teacher, she was arguably
the best educated among
Rizal’s sisters.
• Married to Pantaleon Quintero.
RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
 RIZAL’S ANCESTRY

• As a typical Filipino, Rizal was a product of the

mixture of races. In his vein flowed the
blood of both East and west – Negrito,
Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and
Spanish. Predominantly, he was a Malayan and
was a magnificent specimen of Asian manhood.
 (Great great grandparents of Rizal – FATHER SIDE)

DOMINGO LAMEO – INES DE LA ROSA

• Full blood Chinese immigrant from Fukien city of
Changchow who arrived in Manila about 1690.
• He became a Christian, and married a Chinese Christian girl
of Manila named Ines de la Rosa and assumed in 1731
the surname Mercado because he was a merchant.
• Mercado – Spanish term for market in English.
• Domingo and Ines had a son, FRANCISCO MERCADO.
 (Great grandparents of Rizal – FATHER SIDE)

FRANCISCO MERCADO – CIRILIA BERNACHA

• Francisco married a Chinese –Filipino mestiza, Cirila
Bernacha.
• Francisco was elected as gobernadorcillo (Municipal
mayor) of the town.
• Francisco and Cirilia had a son named JUAN MERCADO
 (Grandparents of Rizal – FATHER SIDE)

JUAN MERCADO – CIRILIA ALEJANDRO

• Married a Chinese –Filipino mestiza, Cirila Alejandro.
• Like his father, he was elected as gobernadorcillo
(Municipal mayor) of the town Biñan.
• Francisco and Cirilia had 13 children, the youngest
being FRANCISCO MERCADO, Rizal’s Father.
 Father of Rizal

FRANCISCO MERCADO
• Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898) (father)
- Was born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818.
- Studied Latin and Philisophy at the College of San
Jose in Manila.
- Following his parent’s death, he moved to Calamba
and became a Tenant-Farmer.
- He died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80.
 (Great great grandparents of Rizal - MOTHER SIDE)

EUGENIO URSA – BENIGNA (surname unknown)

• Eugenio married a Filipina named Benigna

• They had a daughter named REGINA
 (Great grandparents of Rizal - MOTHER SIDE)

REGINA – MANUEL DE QUINTOS

• Regina married a Filipino-Chinese Lawyer from

Pangasinan named, Manuel de Quintos.

• One of the their daughters was BRIGADA

 (Grandparents of Rizal - MOTHER SIDE)

BRIGADA QUINTOS – LORENZO ALBERTO ALONSO

• Brigada married a prominent Spanish-Filipino

meztiso of Biñan, Lorenzo Alberto Alonso.

• Their children were Narcisa, TEODORA, Gregorio,

Manuel, and Jose.
 TEODORA ALONSO
REALONDA
• Doña Teodora (1826-1911) (mother)
- Was born in Manila on Nov 8, 1826
- Studied in College of Santa Rosa. (A well known
college for girls in the city)
- She died in Manila on Aug 16, 1911 at the age of 85.
- Shortly after her death, the Philippine Gov. offered
her a life pension but she courteously rejected.
 (PARENTS of Rizal)

FRANCISCO MERCADO – TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA

• At the age of Eight, Francisco lost his father and grew up to
manhood under the care of his mother.
• While he was studying in Manila, he met and fell in love with
Teodora, a student in College of Santa Rosa.
• They were married on June 28, 1848.
• They settled in Calamba, where they engaged in farming and
business and reared a big family.
 THE SURNAME RIZAL
• Mercado – The real surname of the Rizal Family.
• The Rizal Family acquired a second surname, “Rizal” which
was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor of Laguna, who
was a family friend.
• Rizal – From the word “Ricial” in Spanish, meaning (a field
where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again.)
THE RIZAL
HOME
• Dr. Rafael Palma described
their home as:
• A two-storey building,
rectangular in shape, built
of adobe stones (adobe in
Spanish for mudbricks)
and hard-wood, and roofed
with red tiles.
• Dr. Rafael Palma was one of
Rizal’s prestigious
biographers
A GOOD & MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY
• The Rizal family belonged to the principalia( the ruling and usually
educated upper class), a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines.

• From their farms rented from a Dominican, they harvested

Rice, Corn, and Sugarcane.
• They raised pigs, chickens, and turkeys, in their backyard..
In addition to farming and stock raising,
Doña Teodora managed a general goods store and
operated a small flour-mill and a home-made ham
press.
A GOOD & MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY
• As evidence of their wealth, Rizal’s parents build a
Large stone house near the town church and
owned a carriage and a private library.
• Carriage was a status symbol of the ilustrados(educated)
in Spanish
• The library was the largest in Calamba which
consisted of more than 1,000 volumes.
Reported by:
END
CLEMENTE, Jeremy
LORENZO, Kevin Adrian
INTAL, Joshua