STEADY

STATE
THEORY
--Group 5- Geology--
 THEORY
 Proposed by Sir James Jeans (1920s), but it got
a boost in 1948 when it was formulated by Fred
Hoyle, and Hermann Bondi. And after how many
years, Thomas Gold revised the theory.

 It was further developed to deal with problems

that had risen in connection with the alternative
big-bang hypothesis.
 THEORY
 This theory states that the universe has
been present ever since and therefore NO
BEGINNING and NO END.

 The density of matter in the expanding

universe remains unchanged due to a
continuous creation of matter.
 THEORY
Constant Variable is the Density.
Density is mass per unit volume.
 THEORY
 proposes that new stars are continually created
at al time at the rate needed to replace the stars
which have used up their fuel and have stopped
shining.

 This also adheres to the perfect cosmological

principle, a principle that asserts that the
observable universe is basically the same at any
time at any place.
BIG BANG THEORY
Most widely accepted
 discarded due to the
contradiction in cosmological theory of

newer observations. the early foundation of

the universe

 it is expanding, but
 also expanding and
the distances between
all matter are moving
matters increasing on
away from each other
very small scale.
ACCEPTED AS THE
MODEL OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF
THE UNIVERSE.
EVIDENCES BEGAN
TO EMERGE
DURING THE EARLY
1960’S.
STEADY STATE
THEORY
Evidences from RED SHIFT:
 Astronomers have discovered that the
further away a galaxy is, the more red shifted
light is. This means that the further away the
galaxies are, the faster they are moving. This
is similar to an explosion, where the bits
moving fastest travel furthest from the
explosion. Red Shift data provides evidence
that the universe, including space itself, is
expanding.
 THAT
CONTRADIC
TS THE
SSTEADY
TATE
THEORY
STATE THEORY
Evidences from radio
telescope observation:
it states that there were more cosmic radio
sources billion years ago than there are now. This
suggests that our universe in changing over time
that contradicts perfect cosmological principle in
this theory.

Contradicts:

“ Same observable universe at any time same as

STATE THEORY
Evidences from the
Discovery of quasars:
 Bright objects but are very
small, only found at great
Distances from us. Light from
them was emitted billion of light years ago.

The fact that quasars are only found in the early

universe, provides strong evidence that the
STATE THEORY
Evidences from CMBR:
 Astronomers have discovered COSMIC
MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION
(CMBR). It is the remains of the thermal energy
from the Big Bang, spread thinly across the
whole Universe. This is a weak background
radiation w/c fills the whole space and is the
same in all directions.

 Observations since 1950s especially the

evidence from the CMBR, produced much
evidence contradictory to the said theory and
have led to scientists to overwhelming support to
the Big Bang Theory.
EVIDENCES: STEADY
STATE THEORY
Evidences from CMBR:
The discovery of the CMBR, blackbody radiation
came later. The universe now is not producing a
blackbody since it’s not isothermal and it’s
transparent instead of opaque.

 In the Steady State Theory, universe was

always the same so it never produced a
blackbody, blackbody’s existence ruled out this
theory.
THEORY
Evidence from Red shift supports
the big bang theory and steady
state theory but the evidence from
the cmbr, only supports big bang
theory and one of the major
evidence contradicting the steady
state theory, but still, Steady state