Learning Goals for Today

• The role of an operating system

• Functions performed by an operating system
• Main components of an operating system
• Various types of an Operating system
Why to have an Operating systems?

 User/programmer convenience
 Greater resource utilization
 The role of an Operating System

 Controls the execution of application programs

 Manages hardware and software resources of computer
 Manage invisibly
 Interface between application and hardware
 Operating System Objectives

Convenience
Makes the computer more convenient to use

Efficiency
Allows computer system resources to be used in
an efficient manner
 Functions of Operating Systems

 Provides a user interface

 Run programs
 Manage hardware devices
 Organized file storage
 Is it possible to bypass an operating
system?
yes

Or are operating systems essential for

computing?
No
 How ?
e.g
Automatic washing machine

This is possible in particular systems where one application is

running continuously i.e limited functionality machines and
computers
 Before the OS?

 Multiple user running programs sequentially (batch mode)

 Human beings taking care of which program to run and when
so no need of OS at that time
OS becomes essential when ?

Multiple users started

 OS act like an honest referee

 Allow all application to get nominal share of hardware resources

 Operating system relinquishes control of the processor to execute
other programs
Core
TASKS
of an
OS
Core tasks of an OS

1. Processor Management
2. Memory Management
3. Storage Management
4. Device Management
5. Application Interface
6. User Interface
1. Processor Management

• Multiple programs so all competing for microprocessor time so

OS try that all get fare share
• Manages processes fairly so that all programs get equal
utilization
2. Memory Management

 Allocate private memory to each of the programs

 If single user than whole memory can be assigned
 If multiple users than imp to allocate memory to each program
and both should not interfere with their allocated memory
3. Storage Management

File Manager:
Component of an OS and is responsible for file management
and knows the location of every file
4. Device Management

 Manages other devices

 Does not talk directly but through device drivers
5. Application Interface

OS acting as an interface through which application

developer talks with hardware
6. User Interface

1. Command line interface CLI

Text based
DOS

2. Graphic user interface GUI

Graphics based
Windows
Components of an OS

1. LOADER:
Check the computer and load kernal in the memory
2. Device Manager:
Manages devices
3. File Manager:
Manages files
4. Command Interface
5. GUI
6. Kernel:

 Main heart /brain of Os

 Portion of operating system that is in main memory
 Contains most-frequently used functions
 Also called the nucleus
 Responsible for doing all essential operations
 Size should be very small
Types of Operating Systems

 Real-time operating system (RTOS)

 Single-user, single Task
 Single-user, Multi Tasking
 Multi-user
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)

 Very fast small OS

 Usually found in embedded computers e.g scientific
instruments, robots, MP3 player
 Focussed on one complex task
 Respond quickly to user input
 Very critical/precise w.r.t time
Single-user, single Task

 Simplest category
 One user and one task
 No need of memory management
 Take up little space on the disk
 MS DOS
Single-user, Multi Tasking

 One user doing simultaneously more than one task

 Most popular OS in PC and Laptops
 Windows XP
Multi-user, Multi-Tasking

 Complex in all
 Multiple user connect to one computer and each multiple
tasks
 Each user has a unique session
 Management very difficult
 Allow sufficient access of all resources
 LINUX, UNIX
Another way of
Classifying
Uni.-Processor

OS manages one processor

e.g DOS
Multi-Processor

Manages more than one Processor

e.g windows
 How many operating systems are there?

• UNIX
• MS-DOS
• Mac OS
• Microsoft Windows 3.X
• Microsoft Windows 95 and 98
• Microsoft Windows NT
• Microsoft Windows 2000
• Microsoft Windows ME
• Microsoft Windows XP
• LINUX
Most popular on PC is
windows

On servers most popular is

UNIX
 Uniprogramming
• Processor must wait for I/O instruction
to complete before preceding
 Multiprogramming
• When one job needs to wait for I/O, the
processor can switch to the other job
Multiprogramming
Summary of Today's lecture?

Role of OS
Functions of Os
Components of Os
Types of OS