Gender Discrimination (Women)

• Gender – refers to the role of a male or

female in the society , known as a gender
role or an individual’s concept of
themselves or gender identity.
• Sex – refers to the biological differences
between males and females such as
genitalia and genetic differences .
Gender Discrimination
• Gender Discrimination – describe the
situation in which people are treated
differently simple because they are male or
female, rather than on the basis of their
individual skills or capabilities.
• Discrimination for women begin in
childhood
• Girls and women suffer most of the
negative impact of rigid gender norms and
roles.
Lists of Discriminating Acts For Women
• Sexual harassment , catcalling –
harassment and catcalling on the street are
prime examples of how women’s right to
walk freely around their environment is
restricted. This form of discrimination limit
women’s freedom.
• Gender Stereotypes at school and work –
Stereotypes are how societies expect
people to act based on their gender.
• Objectification and Poor representation –
Objectification is when a person is treated
as a commodity or an object without regard
to their personality or dignity. It is
commonly happened in the media where
women are photo shopped and air bushed
leading to much more emphasis and value
being put on their external appearance
above other capacities.
• Girls are often represented poorly in
entertainment and the media in ways that
reinforce damaging gender stereotypes and
traditional roles. Objectification must be
called- out and girls must be encouraged to
tell their own stories ones that reflect their
power, potential and diversity.
MAGNA CARTA FOR WOMEN
• Is a comprehensive woman’s human right that
seeks to eliminate discrimination against women
by recognizing, protecting, fulfilling and promoting
the rights of Filipino women especially those in
marginalized sect.
• CEDAW – Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women – is
often described as an international bill of rights
for women to ensure elimination of all acts of
discrimination against women by persons,
organization or enterprise.
• The 1987 Constitution states two prominent provisions :
Declaration of Principles Article II Section 14 which
asserted that “ The State recognizes the role of women in
nation- building and shall ensure the fundamental equality
before the law of women and men.
Article III- Labor ; Section 14 – “ The state shall protect
working women by providing safe and healthful working
conditions taking into account their maternal functions,
and such facilities and opportunities that will enhance
their welfare and enable to realize their full potential in the
service of the nation “
Lists of Gender Laws
• Gender and development Law ( 5% of
government agencies’ budget is for gender
concerns)
• Party List Law ( women as a particular sector for
representation in the legislature through party –
list elections)
• Anti- Sexual Harassment Law
• Anti – Raped Law
• Women in Nation Building Law ( allocation of
budget for women from development funds from
foreign governments and multilateral institutions)
• Anti- Mail Order Bride Law ( making the practice
unlawful)
• Non- Discrimination in Labor Code ( women
protection in hiring and pay )
• Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law –
(equal rights for women to be recipients of
land )
• Military Training Equality ( women can
enter the military and police schools and
providing facilities for them.
Substance Abuse / Addiction
• It is also known as Drug Abuse.
• It is a patterned use of a drug in which the user
consumes the substance in amounts or with
methods which are harmful to themselves or
others and is a form of substance –related
disorder.
• It is also an inappropriate and harmful use of any
substance, including prescription drugs, otc
medications, supplements and alcohol.
Common Types of Drug and Substance
Abuse
• Prescription and Over-the –Counter Medication
Abuse – it is the commonly misused like pain
reliever and medications for anxiety and
depression.
• Alcohol Abuse - is a pattern of drinking too much
alcohol too often. It can lead to physical
dependency on alcohol, or alcoholism. Too much
alcohol at one time also can lead to alcohol
poisoning.
Common Types of Drug and Substance
Abuse
• Tobacco Abuse - habitual use of tobacco
plant leaf and its products. The
predominant use of tobacco is by smoke
inhalation of cigarettes, pipes and cigars.
Tobacco contains nicotine, the ingredient
that lead to addiction.
Signs of Substance Abuse
• Changes in personality and behavior like lack of
motivation , irritability, and agitation.
• Bloodshot eyes and frequent bloody noses.
• Shakes, tremors, or slurred speech
• Change in their daily routines
• Lack of concern for personal hygiene
• Unusual need for money; financial problems
• Changes in friends and activities
What Causes Addiction ?
• Addiction is caused by physical changes in
the brain that make the body crave certain
substance or behaviors and react
negatively when it doesn’t receive it.
• Genetic Risk Factors
• Environmental Risk factor
Drug Abuse Prevention
• Spreading the word regarding the dangers
of drugs to oneself and the community.
• Parental Monitoring
• School Drug prevention programs
• Strict compliance rules of schools and
counselling support
• Family- Focused therapy
Poverty and Unemployment
• Poverty – is a condition in which a person
experiences chaos due to the absence of
material things that he needs in order to
survive.
• Unemployment – is the absence of
opportunity to generate money for a living
in exchange of someone’s time, effort and
talent.
• According to Julius Dabon , “ Employment is not
the only solution, though it is a remedy. We need
to understand three things , money , education
and employment. We need money to survive, to
have money employment is our first option, to get
employed we need education or we need to have
some form of mastery, talent and skills so that we
can contribute something good to the
employment world where is being paid for those
who qualified.
Causes of Poverty in the Country
• low to moderate economic growth for the
past 40 years ( 21.6 % of the country’s
population still live below the national
poverty line. Rural areas in our country
show a poverty rate of 36% while 13% in
urban areas.)
• Low growth elasticity of poverty reduction
• Weakness in employment generation and
the quality of jobs generated
• Failure to fully develop the agriculture sector
• High inflation during crisis period
• High levels of population growth
• High and persistent level of ineqaulity (income
and assets) which dampen the economic
expansion
• Recurrent shocks and expossure to risks such as
economic crisis, conflicts natural disasters and
“environmental poverty “
• The overall effects of unemployment are
the unemployed individual and his family
not only with respect to income , but also
with respect to health and mortality.
• On the other hand the effects of poverty are
; inability to afford housing, hunger or
malnutrition,child labor, crime and thievery.
• “ Gender equality is more than a goal itself. It is a
precondition for meeting the challenge of
reducing poverty, promoting sustainable
development and building good governance “
- KOFI ANNAN –
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING !
Reporter : Mrs. Aileen Olviga- Virina