Proposal Seminar

Tuesday, July 09, 2019

Research Title
Figurative Language as Rhetorical Triangle in
Oprah Winfrey’s Motivational Speech
(Stylistic Approach)

Asrofin Nur Kholifah, S.S., M.Hum Kristianto Setiawan, S.S., M.A Dr. Chusni Hadiati, S.S., M.Hum

UMI FATONAH
J1A015022
Background of the Study
Motivational
Speech

Rhetoric
Figurative
Ethos-Pathos-
Logos Language
Function

STYLISTICS
 Saying less than the actual
Litotes meaning to show humility

“So, I know how to talk, I can tell you that, but I was a little
intimidated coming here because graduation, it’s tough, it’s
hard trying to come up with something to share with you that you
haven’t already heard”

The utterance belongs to opening session Epithet

after saying about Winfrey’s experience
being a host for 25 years. Replacing the name with
its particular
Litotes characteristic description

* Winfrey is an experienced host

* Winfrey has delivered several Ethos:
commencement speeches Able but humble
previously
Epithet Pathos:
* Rather than using ‘speech', Winfrey • Using pronoun ‘you’
prefers to use ‘something to share with • Stressing that the speaker
you’ will share something
 Research Objective
What kinds of How are those What are the effects
figurative languages figurative languages of using figurative
found in Oprah used as rhetorical languages as
Winfrey’s speech? triangle in the rhetorical triangle on
speech? the speech?
Types
Uses Effects

Significances Theoretically Practically

Deeper understanding Helping public speakers
in constructing a speech
Information
Helping public speaking
teachers on teaching
Reference their students
 Literature Review
Stylistics
 Relation between language and its artistic functions (Leech & Short,
2007:11)
 It analyses sound, word, clause, and their interactions (Znamenskaya,
2004:12)

Context
 The environment where the text happens
 Context is distinguished into three types: Linguistic Context, Situational
Context, Cultural Context (Song, 2010:876-877)

Rhetoric
 Rhetoric is the use of language to motivate hearers or readers in a group
or individually (Corbett, 1971)
 Aristotle has established three elements of rhetoric namely ethos, pathos,
logos that gather together that is called as rhetorical triangle.
 Literature Review The speaker’s authority,
Speaker characteristics, and credibility
(Ethos)
The listener’s attention, emotion, and
passion

The logical reasoning which includes

Listener Subject fact, evidence, and rational aspect
(Pathos) (Logos)

Figurative Language
 Perrine (1963) explains that figurative language is unusual way in saying
something to make a speech more vivid and forceful.
 Literature Review
Comparison Figurative Language
 Simile
‘The soul in the body is like a bird in a cage’
 Metaphor
‘Their memories are short’
 Personification
‘Each day brings further evidence’
 De-personification
‘If you are blood, so I am the meat’
 Antithesis
‘To err is human; to forgive, divine’
 Prolepsis
‘We are happy, next week we will receive a gift from the regent’
 Pleonasm
‘I have written the incident with my own hand’
 Literature Review
Opposition Figurative Language
 Hyperbole
‘Reaffirm our enduring spirit’
 Litotes
‘This kind of writing may be termed not improperly the comedy of romance’
 Irony
‘It was a cool 115 degrees in the shade’
 Paradox
‘Sometimes helping is hurting’
 Climax
‘At 6:20 a.m. the ground began to heave. Windows rattled; then they broke.
Objects started falling from shelves. Water heaters fell from their pedestals,
tearing out plumbing. Outside, the road began to break up. Water mains and
gas lines were wrenched apart, causing flooding and the danger of explosion.
Office buildings began cracking; soon twenty, thirty, forty stories of concrete
were diving at the helpless pedestrians panicking below’
 Apostrophe
‘ O books who alone are liberal and free’
 Literature Review
Association Figurative Language
 Metonymy
‘The orders came directly from the White House’
 Synecdoche
‘If had some wheels, I’d put on my best threads and ask for Jane’s hand in
marriage’
 Parallelism
‘He liked to eat watermelon and to avoid grapefruit’
 Asyndeton
‘She likes pickles, olives, raisins, dates, pretzels’
 Polysyndeton
‘And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the
demands of a new age’
 Allusion
‘If you take his parking place, you can expect World War II’
 Eponym
‘Is he smart? Why, the man is an Einstein’
 Epithet
‘At length, I heard a ragged noise and mirth of thieves and murderers’
 Erotesis
‘For if we lose the ability to perceive our faults, what is the good of living on?’
 Literature Review
Repetition Figurative Language
 Alliteration
‘To restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace’
 Assonance
‘We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines’
 Chiasmus
‘What is learned unwillingly is forgotten gladly’
 Anaphora
‘Not time, not money, not laws, but willing diligence will get this done’
 Anadiplosis
‘Pleasure might cause her read, reading might make her know’
 Epizeuxis
‘The best way to describe this portion of South America is lush, lush, lush’
 Epistrophe
‘The cars do not sell because the engineering is inferior, the quality of
materials is inferior, and the workmanship is inferior’
 Symploce
‘To think clearly and rationally should be a major goal for man; but to think clearly
and rationally is always the greatest difficulty faced by man’
 Epanalepsis
‘Our eyes saw it, but we could not believe our eyes’
Research Methodology
• Population : All
• Qualitative utterances in 2018
Research Oprah Winfrey’s
speech USC
Annenberg School for
Journalism and
Population Communication
Type & Sample • Sample: Utterances
containing figurative
language

Data Data
Analysis Collection

• Classifying data • Downloading

• Analyzing the • Reading
rhetoric effects • Watching
• Explaining the • Identifying
effects in the speech • Coding
• Making conclusion • Drawing the table