CHAPTER II

Research
Methodology
 The Scientific Method

Scientific Method

- Is the approach used by

psychologists to
systematically acquire
knowledge and
understanding about
behavior and other
phenomena of interest.
Purpose of Social Science
Research:
- Social science research
used by I/O
psychologists – enable
the researcher
to step back from any
personal feelings
or biases to study a
specific issue
objectively.
Goals of Social Science
Research Methods:
Descri
Alter be

Work
Behavior

Predic Expla
t in
Steps in the Research
Paper:

Generation of Choosing An
Formulation of
the Experimental
the Problem
Hypothesis Design

Interpretation
Statistical of Results &
Collection of
Analysis of Drawing
Data
Data Conclusions
Research
Designs:
- The basic structure of
research study.
Major Research
Designs:
A.
Experiment
- A research design characterized by a
high degree of
control over the research setting
to allow for the
determination of cause and effect
relationships
VARIABLE - the elements measured
among variables
in research

investigation.
1. The Independent Variable (
Stimulus)
• the effects of which
psychologists are interested
in determining.

2. The Dependent Variable ( Resulting

Variable)
• refers as dependent because it
depends on the
independent variable.

Note: Both variables can be objectively

observed, measured,
and recorded.
2. The Naturalistic
Observation Method
• involves observation in its natural
setting without introducing
any manipulation of the independent
variable
• advantage of this method is that behaviors
being observed and
the situations in which they are observed
are typical of
what occurs in everyday life
3. Surveys and
Opinion Polls
• rely on the observation of behavior
as it is revealed
in the subjects’ responses to
personal interviews and
questionnaires.
4.
Correlation
- Is an indication of the degree of
relatedness
between two or more variables.
5. Case
Study
- A research investigation
involving a one-time
assessment of behavior.
ETHICS OF RESEARCH:

1. Psychologists carries out the

investigation with
respect and concern for the
dignity & welfare
of the people
Informed who– will
Consent a research
participate.
participant is fully
informed of the nature of the
experiment and has
the right to not to participate.
2. Confidentiality or Collecting
date anonymously.
3. I/O psychologist does not
misinterpret their areas
of expertise, and be honest,
forthright, and fair
in dealings with clients and
client organizations.
THE END