SEMINAR

ON

TURBOCHARGER
DEPARTMENT OF GRADUATE MARINE ENGINEERING

Under the guidance of By

Prof. Madhavan SAURABH
Chief engineer, Course In-charge 06GME0120
 TURBOCHARGER
• In a marine diesel engine, a fine combustion is a result of an
adequate supply of air
• The total output power of the whole engine can be drastically
improved by increasing the density of air entering the engine
• This is accomplished with the help of a device known as
“TURBOCHARCERS”
 WHY TURBOCHARGERS ARE USED

• In an engine without a turbocharger, such as the naturally

aspirated automobile engines, air is sucked inside the engine by
a low pressure area created by the downward stroke of piston,
but this system works on a constant air inlet pressure which can
neither be increased or decreased nor is sufficient for a
complete combustion
• In order to resolve this problem, turbocharger are used to
provide a higher density of air to the engine
• Thus turbo-charger is a mechanism for providing forced-
induction to marine diesel engines
 TURBOCHARGER DESIGN
• A turbo charger is basically a combination
of a compressor and a turbine, both
mounted on a common shaft
• Turbocharger uses the exhaust gases of
the engine itself, to rotate the turbine which
in turn moves the compressor
MAIN PARTS OF TURBOCHARGERS

• Turbine
• Compressor
• Central hub
• The wheels of the turbine and compressor are contained in their
own conical housing
• The amount of air that is to be submitted depends on the size of
these wheels
• The shaft contained in the central hub with the help of bearing and
connects the turbine and impeller wheel on the opposite side
• Due to high speed of rotation, extreme heat is generated in the hub
• Water cooling or any other form of cooling system is provided to
prevent temperature rising
• Sufficient sealing arrangements are made between the
compressor and turbine side to mixing of gasses
• A filter is provided on the turbine side to ensure that the air going to
the compressor side is free of any impurities
 TURBINE SIDE
• The turbine side is usually made of cast iron material
• The inlet side of the turbine have nozzle blade ring which is
used for two purposes:-
 To guide the incoming gas onto the turbine
wheel
 To house the turbine bearings

• The outlet side of the turbine casing consists of blower and air
passages to supply air to labyrinths seals
 COMPRESSOR SIDE
• The compressor side is usually made of aluminum alloys
• The inlet part or casing deals with drawing air from the
surrounding areas i.e. engine room or deck spaces, special
ducting is made for the same
• The advantage of drawing air from the deck spaces is low air
temperature and humidity
• While the advantages of drawing air from the engine room
space is that the air is pressurized and there is no need for long
and complex ducting arrangements
 WORKING OF TURBOCHARGER
• The turbine uses energy from the exhaust gases to convert heat
energy into rotational motion
• This rotational motion of turbine drives the compressor, which
draws in ambient air from the surrounding and pumps
compressed air with high density and pressure into the intake
manifold
• The exhaust gas enters the turbine inlet side of the
turbocharger through a pressurized chamber and series of
filters
• The nozzle blade rings concentrates the exhaust gas in to tha
turbine wheel
• The movement of turbine wheel rotates the shaft which in turn
rotates the impellor of the compressor
• A part of this air goes to labyrinths seal from the outlet side of the
turbine
• As impeller rotates air sucked in through the center of the impeller
and due to heavy rotational movement, experiences circumferential
velocity which pushes it outwards
• A radial velocity is gained which pushes the air further outwards on
to the inducer
 TURBOCHARGER SURGING
• The engine is subjected to a variation in load which results in
the fluctuation of exhaust gas pressure
• This fluctuation of in pressure makes the turbocharger run on
varying speed, which leads to many unfavorable effects on
turbocharger
• “SURGING” is the phenomenon of irregular pulsations due to a
change in the mass flow rate of air with respect to its pressure
ratio
 REASONS FOR TURBOCHARGER
SURGING
• Due to sudden change in the engine load or speed
• Imbalance in cylinder power of faulty injectors
• Un-cleaned turbine nozzle ring
• Damaged blades
• Dirty or choked filter