DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE

LITERATURE
PRESENTED BY THE GROUP 1
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
- Passed down through ORAL DICTATION, to
which some made it into books

- Common topics are about legends (Lam-ang

in Biag ni Lam-ang, Sandayo in the story
Sandayo, etc.)
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
- Riddles, daily life, and hunting are also topics
of such tales.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE

BIAG NI LAM-ANG
- A story about Lam-ang - a
man who has
extraordinary powers even
since his birth
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE

ALIGUYON (ANG HUDHUD)

- tells the tales of Aliguyon as he

battles Pambukhayon, his arch
enemy, in the rice fields. He also
instructed the natives to make
peace with other tribes during
harvest
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE

RIDDLES/BUGTONG:
-Made up of one or more measured lines with rhymes may
consist of 4 to 12 syllables
-showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and keen
observation of the surroundings.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE
Mga Bugtong/Riddles:
- Nagtago si Pedro, labas ang ulo.(Pedro hides
but you can still see his head)PAKO(nail)
-Hindi pari,hindi hari, nagdadamit ng sari-sari.(Not
a priest, not a king but wears different kinds of
clothes.)SAMPAYAN(clothesline)
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE
Mga Bugtong/Riddles:
-Bugtong-pala-bugtong,kadenang
umuugong.(Riddle me,riddle me, here comes a
roaring chain)TREN(train)
-Sa araw ay bungbong,sa gabi ay dahon.(Roll in
the morning, leaf in the afternoon)BANIG(mat)
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE
Mga Salawikain/Poverbs or Epigrams:
- Sawikain are idiomatic expressions. They are composed of
two or more words that have an entirely different meaning
when joined together or hyphenated.

- Anak-pawis. The literal translation of “anak” is son; pawis” is

sweat. The idiom really means “blue-collar worker” to signify
sweat and hard work are exerted.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE
Mga Salawikain/Poverbs or Epigrams:
- Balat sibuyas. It’s the Tagalog translation for “onion-skinned”
which means a sensitive person.
- Makapal ang bulsa. In English, it’s a person with a thick
wallet, which means lots of money = wealth.
- Magaan ang Kamay. In English it’s a light-handed person,
which means one who is easily provoked to hit another
person.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE
Mga Salawikain/Poverbs or Epigrams:
- A broom is sturdy because its strands are tightly bound.
(People gain strength by standing together)
- It is hard to wake up someone who is pretending to be
asleep. (While it is easy to tell people something they do not
know, it is much harder if they are willfully choosing not to see
what is before them.)
SPANISH PERIOD
SPANISH PERIOD
- The Spaniards, learning the folk stories and
oral tradition of the natives, used the same
oral tradition, only substituting them with the
life of Christ and the saints

- Literature started to flourish in these times

SPANISH PERIOD
- Even with the oral tradition used to evangelize,
there are still native traditions that survived in
inaccessible areas to the Spaniards

- Translating the Spanish prayer books and

religious instructions forced Spaniards to
employ some natives.
SPANISH PERIOD
- Over time, these natives learned the Spanish
language and wrote their own compositions.
They are called Ladinos

- Gaspar Aquino de Belen - a gifted landino who

wrote Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Christo (The
Pasion)
SPANISH PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE

DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA

- The first book to be published in

the Philippine Islands
- It was a prayer book written in
Spanish with accompanying
Tagalog translation
SPANISH PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE
MAHAL NA PASION NI JESU
CHRISTO NA TOLA

- A Tagalog poem written by a

gifted Ladino, Gaspar Aquino de
Belen, that depicts Christ’s
passion
- Published in 1704
OTHER EXAMPLES OF RELIGIOUS LITERATURE IN THE SPANISH PERIOD
NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO
- a book containing the biographies of saints, novenas, and
QnA’s of religion

LIBROS DE LOS CUARTOS POSTRIMELAS

DEL HOMBRE
- The first written book in typography
OTHER EXAMPLES OF RELIGIOUS LITERATURE IN THE SPANISH PERIOD
URBANA AT FELISA
- by Modesto de Castro, the Father of Classical Prose in
the Philippines
- Influenced greatly the behavior of the people in the
society

PASION
- The book about the life and sufferings of Christ
OTHER EXAMPLES OF RELIGIOUS LITERATURE IN THE SPANISH PERIOD
ANG BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT
- a biblical story that is the first Tagalog novel published in
the Philippines even though it is only a translation

MGA DALIT KAY MARIA

- A collection of psalms praising Mary
SPANISH PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE

NOLI ME TANGERE and EL

FILIBUSTERISMO
- written by Jose Rizal
- Noli has a more lighter theme,
while El Fili has a much more
darker story.
SPANISH PERIOD EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE

IBONG ADARNA
- By Jose dela Cruz
- Consists of two parts:
- The story is about Don Juan, who
acquired the magical bird (Ibong
Adarna)
Other examples of Secular Spanish-era Literature

PAG-IBIG SA
MI ULTIMO ADIOS
TINUBUANG LUPA
- By Jose Rizal
- by Andres Bonifacio
DASAL AT
NINAY
TOCSOHAN
by Pedro Paterno
- By Marcelo H. Del Pilar
AMERICAN PERIOD
AMERICAN PERIOD
- After the defeat of the Philippines in the
Philippine-American war, the Filipinos started
writing again - news reports, poetry, stories
and plays, and essays and novels.
- These writing depict the love for the country
and the longing for independence
NEWSPAPERS THAT CIRCULATED IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD
• El Nuevo Dia (The New Day) – established by
Sergio Osmena in 1900. American sensors banned
this newspaper and threatened Osmena with
banishment.
• El Grito del Pueblo (The Call of the Nation) –
established by Pascual Poblete in 1900.
• El Renacimiento (The Rebirth) – founded by Rafael
Palma.
THREE DIFFERENT PERIODS IN THE AMERICAN ERA
THE PERIOD OF RE- THE PERIOD OF THE PERIOD OF SELF-
ORIENTATION IMITATION DISCOVERY
( 1898 - 1910 ) ( 1910 - 1925 ) ( 1925 - 1941 )
LITERATURE IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Re-
orientation
- This was the time when Philippines lost to the
Philippine-American war.
- The poets and writers were fueled by their
nationalism to write literary works about the
longing for independence and freedom from
their conquerors
EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD:
Period of Re-orientation
El Renacimiento - edited by Rafael Palma and the
revolutionary newspaper that became the pioneer to publish
works written in English

SURSUM CORDA - written by Justo Juliano and the

first literary work published in English (1907). It also tells a
story of nationalism, longing for freedom from the new
conquerors
EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD:
Period of Re-orientation
MY MOTHER and AIR CASTLES - both literary
works were written by Juan F. Salazar. Published in 1909.

MY LADY IN LAOAG - by Proceso Sebastian and

published at 1909
LITERATURE IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of
Imitation
- At this point of history, Filipino writers start to
imitate the American and English authors.
- The UP College Folio, the school publication
of the University of the Philippines, published
literary compositions in English written by the
pioneers in English poetry, essays and short
stories.
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Imitation (Poetry)
- Fernando Maramag - “Rural Maid.”, “My Queen Tagala”,
“Christ Without A Cross”, “Jose Rizal”

- Juan F. Salazar - “My Air Castle”

- Jose Ma. Hernandez - “The Mask”, “No Rain”, “The Olive

Garden”, “Panday Pira”, “Prelude to Dapitan”
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period
of Imitation (Noted Essayists)
FORMAL ESSAYS

- Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo, Mauro Mendez, and

Vicente Hilario

They are characterized scholarly by sobriety, substance, and

structure.

They excelled in serious essays, especially the editorial type.

EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period
of Imitation (Noted Essayists)
INFORMAL ESSAYS

- Ignacio Manlapaz, Godefredo Rivera, Federico Mangahas,

Francisco B. Icasiano, Salvador P. Lopez, Jose Lansang,
and Amando G. Dayarit

They introduced the informal essay, criticism, and journalistic

columns. They spiced their essays with humour, wit, and
satire
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Imitation
ZOLIO GALANG
(Novelist)

- Author of A Child of
Sorrow
- First novel in English
- Published 1921
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Imitation
PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ
(Short Story author)

- Author of Dead Stars

- Became a model of
perfetion in character
delineation, local color,
plot and message
- Published 1920’s
LITERATURE IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Self-
Discovery
- At this point of the American occupation,
Filipinos have mastery on the English
language
- Poetry is written competently, spontaneously,
and original, even being socially conscious
LITERATURE IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Self-
Discovery

- Is written in many topics, but the subject of

love and youth were the favorite ones
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period
of Self-Discovery(Poetry)
Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion, Jose Garcia Villa,
Angela Manalang Gloria, Abelardo and Trinidad
Tarrosa Subido, and Rafael Zulueta de Costa

- They turned poems about love only about love, but

rather descriptive, religious, reflective, and patriotic as
well.

- Wrote in free-verse, odes, sonnets, and other types.

EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period
of Self-Discovery(Poetry)
- Luis Dato - “Manila: A Collection of Verses”
- Marcelo De Gracia Concepcion - “Bamboo Flute”
- Aurelio S. Alvero - “Moon shadows on the Water”
- Pablo Laslo edited “English-German Anthology of Filipino Poets”
- Luis Dato - “My Book of Verses”
- Rafael Zulueta da Costa - “First Leaves”
- Aurelio S. Alvero - “Nuances”
- Abelardo Subido wrote - “Soft Night”
- Rafael Zulueta da Costa - “Like the Molave and other Poems”
- Jose Garcia Villa - “Poems by Doveglion”
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE AMERICAN PERIOD: Period
of Self-Discovery(Short Story) Jose Garcia Villa published
“Philippine Short Stories.” He
Paz Marquez Benitez
won first place the Philippine
published her first short story
Free Press short story writing
anthology “Filipino Love
contest with his “Mir-i-nisa.”
Stories.”
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Imitation (Essays)
Political and Social Reflective essays:
Federico Mangahas, Salvador P. Lopez,
Pura S. Castrence, Vicente Albano Pacis,
Ariston Estrada, and Jose A. Lansang
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Imitation (Essays)
Critical essays:
Salvador P. Lopez, I.V. Mallari,
Ignacio Manlapaz, Jose Garcia Villa,
Arturo B. Rotor, Leopoldo Y. Labez
- An example of a critical essay is by
Maximo V. Soliven’s They Called It
Brotherhood
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Imitation (Essays)
Personal essays:
F.B. Casciano (Mang Kiko), Alfredo
E. Litiatco, Solomon V. Arnaldo, Amando
G. Dayrit, and Consuelo Gar (Catuca)
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Self-Discovery
JOSE GARCIA VILLA

- Author of Footnote to
Youth and published
at 1933 in Min-in-isa
- The Comma Poet as
he extensively used
the punctuation marks,
especially commas
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD: Period of Self-Discovery
JOSE GARCIA VILLA

- National Artist of the

Philippines in
Literature (1973)
JAPANESE PERIOD
JAPANESE PERIOD
- The writings were journalistic
- Freedom of Speech was suppressed, and so it
was felt by the writers
- The spirit of Nationalism is still alive, but not
much is made due to freedom of speech being
suppressed
JAPANESE PERIOD
- Majority of the writers waited for this period to
end
- Except for the newspapers Tribune, Philippine
Review, Free Philippines, Pillars, and Filipina,
all English newspapers were banned by the
Japanese
JAPANESE PERIOD
The weekly issue named
Liwayway is also
continued, but heavily
censored and monitored
by the Japanese
government by a man
named Ishiwara
JAPANESE PERIOD
- The Japanese government has also favored Tagalog
as the language of speaking and literary works, so
authors must either write in Tagalog or go
underground.
JAPANESE PERIOD
- The literature of the Philippines was given a
break at this period.
- Show houses were either showing plays in
Tagalog or closed down for showing American
films
EXAMPLES OF PLAYWRIGHTS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE JAPANESE PERIOD
Jose Maria Hernandez - Francisco Soc Rodrigo - Julian Cruz Balmaceda -
“Panday Pira” “Sa Pula, Sa Puti” “Sino Ba Kayo?” “Dahil
Sa Anak” “Higante Sa
Patay”
JAPANESE PERIOD: The three poem-writing styles that emerged
HAIKU
- A poem of free-
verse that is made TANAGA
of seventeen (17) - The same as a Karaniwang Anyo
syllables in three haiku, but has (Usual Form)
(3) lines. rhyme and measure
- 5-7-5 - Also has seventeen - The usual and
- Allegoral and has a syllables common form of
wide scope of - Also allegoral in poetry
meaning meaning
- A favorite of the
Japanese
JAPANESE PERIOD: The three poem-writing styles that
emerged
HAIKU
- A poem of free-verse that is made of seventeen (17)
syllables in three (3) lines.
- 5-7-5
- Allegoral and has a wide scope of meaning
- A favorite of the Japanese
JAPANESE PERIOD: The three poem-writing styles that
emerged
TANAGA
- The same as a haiku, but has rhyme and measure
- Also has seventeen syllables
- Also allegoral in meaning

Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

- The usual and common form of poetry
EXAMPLES OF AUTHORS IN THE JAPANESE PERIOD
- A noteworthy author of this period is Carlos
SHORT STORIES P. Romulo, who won the Pulitzer Prize for
- Brigido Batungbakal his bestsellers
- Serafin Guinigindo
- Narciso Ramos - Alongside were the authors named:
- Alicia Lopez Lim Salvador P. Lopez, Leon Maria Guerrero,
- Macario Pineda Raul Manglapuz, and Carlos Bulosan
- Liwayway Arceo
- NVM Gonzales - Nick Joaquin produced “THe Woman Who
- Ligaya Perez Looked Like Lazarus”
- Gloria Guzman
- Fred Ruiz Castro - writer of a few poems
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
- The early post-liberation time was marked by a struggle of
both mind and spirit, posed by the sudden emancipation
of the enemy and a longing to see printed material
COMPOSITION OF LITERATURE IN THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Most of the themes of - Filipino poetry - Novels became
the Contemporary acquired not only common, but only
Period literature are: rhyme, but also read as recreation.
substance and
- Abuses from the meaning. - Many books were
Japanese published at this
- Poverty of life - Short stories had time.
- The brave guerilla better characters
exploits and events based
on realities and
facts
LITERATURE IN THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
NEWSPAPERS
NOVELS
- Free Press and Morning
Star both by President Without
Osmena Seeing the
- Daily Mirror by Joaquin Dawn by
Roces
Stevan
- Evening News by Ramon
Lopezes Javellanas
- The Bulletin by Menzi
- Other short stories and novels
LITERATURE IN THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
● Mga Piling Katha - ● Ako’y Isang Tinig - - Mga Maikling
Alejandro Genoveva Edroza Kwentong Tagalog -
Abadilla Matute Teodoro Agoncillio
 PERIODS WITHIN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA
THE PERIOD OF THE PERIOD OF NEW
ACTIVISM SOCIETY
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: ACTIVISM PERIOD
- Youth activism in 1970-
1972 was due to
worldwide and domestic
causes, says Pociano
Pineda

- Some believed that

Socialism should
replace Democracy
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: ACTIVISM PERIOD
- The seeds of Activism
resulted in the
declaration of Martial
Law
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: ACTIVISM PERIOD - The Literary Revolution
- Campus newspapers
wrote rebellious
emotions
- Eed pens and wrote on
plaqards with red paint
the equivalent of
MAKIBATA
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: ACTIVISM PERIOD - The Literary Revolution

- Any establishment that

represented the ills had
to be changed
- The frustrations of the
youth can be heard in
schools and churches
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: ACTIVISM PERIOD - The Literary Revolution
AUTHORS OF THIS Nick Joaquin (Nicomedes
PERIOD Marquez Joaquin)

Jose F. Lacaba - A Filipino historian,

- A Filipino screentwriter, writer, and journalist.
poet, and journalist Best known for his
stories and novels
written in English and
has a pen name of
“Quijano de Manila”
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: ACTIVISM PERIOD - The Literary Revolution
Salvador P. Lopez Gregorio C. Brillantes
- An Ilocano writer,
journalist, educator, - One of the most popular
diplomat, and statesman writers in the Philippines
and a multi-awarded
fiction writer. He is also
awarded the Palanca
Award Hall of Farmer.
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY
FILIPINO POETRY IN
THE PERIOD OF NEW
SOCIETY

- Most themes dealt with

patience, regard for
native customs, culture,
and beauties of nature
and surroundings.
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY (Poets)
Ponciano Aniceto Bienvinido
Pineda Silvestre Ramos
- - -
“Pilipino: Isang “Patnubay” “May Tibok Pa
Depinisyon” ang Lupa”
-----------------------

Jose Garcia
Revelo
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD: PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY (Composers)
Freddy Aguilar Tito and Vic Jose Mari Chan
- Sotto -
“Anak” and “Deep In My
Joey De Leon Heart”
-
“
Thank you