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SUSPENSIONS
are micro heterogeneous dispersion
systems consisting from solid
medicinal substances in the
suspended state, which are in the
liquid dispersion medium (water,
non-aqueous solvents).
Suspensions are liquid medicinal forms
containing one or some powdered
medicinal substances, as a disperse phase
distributed in the liquid dispersion environment.
Advantages of suspensions
• Fast and complete manifestation of the therapeutic
action because of the possibility of introducing solid
insoluble substances into a liquid where they have a
high degree of dispersion ability.
• Prolongation of the action and the possibility to
regulate it duration by changing the particles size of a
medicinal substance.
• The possibility of correcting an unpleasant taste, smell
and colour of a medicinal substance due to introduction
of correcting agents into the suspension’s composition.
• Simplicity and convenience of their application in
pediatrics and gerontology.
Poisonous and strong-effective
substances don’t used in
suspensions, because difficult to
dose of them.
Suspensions are formed:
• when prescribing substances insoluble in the
formulated solvent
• when prescribing soluble substances in amounts
exceeding the limit of their solubility in the given
solvent
• a new compound insoluble in the given solvent is
formed because of the chemical interaction of
solutions with substances
• when the conditions of substances’ solubility are
worsened as the result of mixing two solutions
prepared with different solvents
STABILIZATION OF SUSPENSIONS
• To increase of the aggregation stability of suspensions
with hydrophobic substances, which do not form
protective hydrate layers on the surface, it is necessary to
lyophilize them, i.e. to add hydrophilic colloidal
substances (stabilizers). Natural or synthetic high-
molecular compounds (HMC): proteins, gelatosa,
vegetative slime, natural polysaccharide complexes,
methylcellulose, sodium - carboxymethylcellulose,
polyvinylpyrrolidon, polyglycine, tweens, spens,
bentonites, etc. are applied as stabilizers.
• The stabilization of these substances consists of
formation of hydrate layers on the surface of the
suspension’s particles, as well as in spanning of these
particles by long macromolecules.
The amount of a stabilizer for 1.0 g of a
hydrophobic substance
The name of a The amount of a stabilizer per 1.0 g of the substance
stabilizer
with distinctly expressed with poor expressed
hydrophobic properties: hydrophobic properties:
camphor, menthol terpin hydrate,
phenylsalicylate, etc.
Weigh 10.0 g of ZnO in the mortar, triturate it, measure 100 ml of the
purified water using a cylinder, add approximately 5 ml of the
purified water in the mortar according to the Deryagin rule, triturate
and then add gradually the remaining quantity of water. Pour the
suspension obtained into the bottle for dispensing.
• Stick the labels «External», «Shake well before use» and «Keep out
of the reach of children».
FORMULATION OF SUSPENSIONS
BY THE DISPERSION METHOD
Method of “making muddy” (“shaking”) is applied for preparing
suspensions with hydrophilic substances characterized by a great
density.
• Stage I
Triturate a solid medicinal substance in the mortar.
• Stage II
Triturate (according to the Deryagin rule) with 50% amount of the
liquid calculated by the amount of a dry substance (add 0.4-0.6 ml
of a liquid (40-60%) per 1.0 g of the powdered substance).
• Stage III
Add 5-10 % of the liquid to the mixture obtained, triturate, allow to
stand for 1-2 minutes.
• Stage IV
When the liquid is settled (the big particles settle at the bottom and
the thin particles are on the top of the surface), transfer it into the
bottle for dispensing.
The stages III-IV are repeated until all precipitate is transferred into a
thin dispersed state.
Rp.: Bismuthi subnitratis 2.0
Aquae Menthae 200 ml
Misce. Da. Signa. 1 tablespoon
3 times a day.
FORMULATION OF SUSPENSIONS
BY THE DISPERSION METHOD