Historical Background – Integrative Art as

applied to Contemporary Art

The development of Philippines Arts comes

in three major traditions:

• Ethnic Traditions
• Spanish Colonial Tradition
• American Colonial and Contemporary
Traditions.
Ethnic Traditions
Dance
The Ethnic art forms are
influenced by the geographical
location and the experience of
the Filipinos.
Example:

1. dance steps were imitations

of the movements of the
certain animals like birds
 2. Choreography of the
Filipinos near the sea were
mimics of the movement of
the fishes.
( during pre-colonial times )
Visual Arts -- Pottery, wearing
wood carving and metal crafting
were dominant during the pre-
colonial period making use of the
available materials surrounding
theme.
Architecture
Early Filipinos used local materials such as
anahaw, bamboo, cogon, and cane,
rattan.
Folk Literature
-Verbalized their experiences.

Ex. Folk speeches, songs and narratives

Music

indigenous musical instruments like the

bamboo flutes and brass gongs.
Spanish Colonial Tradition
Spaniards tend to replace the
Philippine indigenous arts with
WESTERN ART FORMS.

Religion and secularization greatly

influenced the art in the Philippines
Friars
Literature
The literary works are classified
into religious and secular prose
and poetry.
Theater Arts
Secular and religious plays
e.g. komedya (became popular)
 Dance
Choreography: religious dances commonly performed to
venerate patrons and saints proliferated.

There were also secular dances performed in social

functions:
1. Valse
2. Fandango
3. Polka
4. Minuet
Music
Introduced piano and other
western instruments.
Bands and orchestra = zarzuelas
and operas become prevalent
Visual Arts
Introduced painting and
sculpture which mostly depicted
religious subject matters.
Architecture
Stone and bricks are predominantly
used in constructing buildings like
churches, houses, and government
offices.

Exterior and interior design = wood

carving and metal works with intricate
designs
Despite of that; mix of Western and
indigenous art.

And after more than 300years of

Spaniards colonization, the American
took over the country which led to the
declaration of the independence on
June 12, 1898.
American Colonization
Brought about many changes in
the politics, economy, education
and culture of the Philippines.
Education
Filipinos went abroad to study(later
came back carrying the concept of modern art.)

Tutelage of the American

educators
Learned through observation
and personal experiences
American Colonization
Education was introduced to the
Philippines

There were Filipinos who studied

abroad and influenced the art
making in the country
Concept of Modern Art
1. Juan Arellano
2. Diosdado Lorenzo
3. Victorio Edades
Victorio Edades
Introduced modern visual art
through his art exhibition
Victorio Edades
Different style in painting
-instead of using usual bright
and happy colors, he used dull
and dark hues in his works with the
life of the laborers, workers and low
sector of the society as his subject
Thirteen Modern
Vicente Manansala
Cesar Legaspi
Amita-Magsaysay-Ho
Hernando Ocampo
Carlos Francisco
American Period
the subject of Artworks shifted
from rural to urban themes.
After World War II
Artist started creating proletarian
art which depicts the life after the
war, social issues, and economic
problems.
Paris cubism
Kind of cubism showing fragmented
figures in larger planes, color harmonies,
and texture.
3 known Cubism
1. Vicente Manansala
2. Romeo Tabuena
3. Cesar Legaspi
Abstraction
Known Abstractionist
1. H.R Ocampo
2. Cinstantiono Bernardo
3. Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz
4. Arturo Luz
5. Jose Joya
Napoleon Abueva

Famous because of his modern

work.

Different materials used in the work

are variety of woods, metals and
stones
Sculpture
Art in the Philippines during
this period reflects
dynamism, freedom of
expression and concern to
the masses.
Sculpture
This kind of art
continued to flourish and
the number of artist’s
eager of creating
innovations increased
Ang Kiukok
Painted in
expressionistic cubism
style.
Bencab
Worked with realism
and experimental
devices
Ramon Orlina and Impy Pilapil

Explored the use of

glass in making sculpture
Surrealism
Emerged which
explored the world of
dream
Surrealism
1. Galo Ocampo
2. Juvenal Sanso
There was also social artist
who continued doing
proletarian art but this time,
they used other popular art
forms in conveying
nationalistic message like
comic, posters and cartoons.
Magic realism
Style in a painting showing
minute details of the subjects and
highlighting their texture and
color.
Ex. Bigas Artwork by Nestor Leynes
The significant development
of the modern and
contemporary art in the
country only shows how
creative, innovative and free
thinkers the Filipinos are.
National Government through the
NCCA’s Committee on Visual Arts
(CVA)
Launched an education
program that tends to convene
artists annually in the country
through their regional and
national congresses.
Committee on Gallery
Annual art exhibition is inviting
artists from the regions to submit
their artworks and be exhibited in
Manila.
Committee on Gallery
The artists were given more
avenues to exhibit their artworks
in Manila and their regions as well
that led to their initiatives in
promoting visual arts in the
regions.
Committee on Gallery
There were art groups founded in
the regions and provinces like the
Baguio Art Guild and Bacolod’s
Black Artist in Asia.
Committee on Gallery
These groups create workshops,
art festivals, and art exhibitions to
encourage young generations to
take part in enriching the
country’s visual art.
Literature
In the field of poetry during the
contemporary period, publication
of young poets to campus
journals emerged
Literature
Bagay Movement – kind of
poetry which uses colloquial
language and is built on
concrete images which tend to
describe experiences
Poet
1. Jose Lacaba
2. Rolando Tinio – Valecdiction sa
Hillcrest (employs Taglish)
3. bienvenido Lumbera
4. Antonio Samson
5. Edmundo Martinez
 Poet
6. Amado V. Hernandez – Ang Bayang Malaya
- long narrative piece about a peasant
leader. Oppression and fighting for human right
The nationalist spirit of many writers arose
because of the Marshall Law. During the
contemporary period, the works of American
and British poets influenced the English poems
in the Philppines.
 Western Poets
Edith Tiempo
Emmanuel torres
Dominador Ilio
 Short Story
After world war II – short stories
focused on the self-consciousness and
self-expression of the writer.
 English short story writers
N.V.M Gonzales
Nick Joaquin
Alejandro Roces
Francisco Arcellana
Bienvinido Santos
 English short story writers
Short story writers produced more
social conscious fiction during the
1970s. It depicts the lives of the
working class emerged. Social protest
fiction was produced during the
Marcos Era.
 Music
Mostly classical due to the influence
of the European

1960s avant-garde music emerged

 Music
Due to introduction of radio, film, and
other entertainment technology,
rondallas or the string bands remain
even up to the present
 Music
Pinoy pop or the Filipino pop music
took place and developed the Manila
Sound was born.
 Music
OPM (Original Pilipino Music)
themes Filipino values, political and
environmental concerns
 Theater
Bodabil or Stage Show
-composed mainly of songs, dances
and skits.
Theater

The Philippine theater

was Westernized
 Theater
Filipinos were able to expand their
horizon and create stage plays that
reflect Philippine realities and set up

Ex. Sarswela, komedya, sinakulo

 Dance
European classical ballet
- Remedios de Oteyza
-Leonor Orosa
 Dance
Modern Dance
-revolutionary in nature and does not
conform to the rules of classical ballet.
-a mixture of a wide range of dances
 Dance
Folk Dance (Francisca Reyes-Aquino)
-there were dance groups that
developed Filipino adaptations of
European and American dances like
the valse, polka, fandango, tinikling
and others.
 Architecture
Philippine adopted the modern
Western architectural style while
taking into consideration the physical
and socio-cultural situation of the
country.
 Architecture
Simple, rational and functional
 Architecture
Juan Arellano
Carlos Barreto
Antonio Toledo
 Architecture
Neoclassic Style in building structure

-revival of classic architecture

-column and pediment
-triangular
gable forming the end of the roof slope over a portico
 Architecture
Arellano designed the theater and
experimented with romanticism.

-decorative motifs incorporating

native plants and variety of colors were
employed in the building.
 Architecture
20th “Tsalet” was developed
-type of house on stilts with a front
porch made of wood and concrete
Modern Art
Refers to the practice of art in the
1860s-1970s.
Develops after world war 2, which
led to the Contemporary way of art
making today.
Contemporary Art
Refers to the recent and current
practice of art ranging from the
1970s up to the present.
It mirrors the society and culture
of the present times.
Contemporary Art
Uses combination of different
methods, materials, and ideas
that transcend the traditional
way of art making
FORMS OF
CONTEMPORARY ARTS
Perez (2016), the arts are classified in
distinct forms: music, dance, theater,
visual arts, literature, film and
broadcast arts, and architecture,
design and allied arts. However, the
arts in the regions have evolved and
taken a new form. The arts have
combined to create integrative art.
There is now interconnection among
the arts, resulting in the combination of
arts.
However, the arts in the
regions have evolved and
taken a new form.
The arts have combined to
create integrative art. There is
now interconnection among
the arts, resulting in the
combination of arts.
Contemporary art forms in the
regions now include:
1.choreography
2.musical instrument
3.literary and music composition
4. visual design
5. theatrical performance
6. cinema.
 Choreography

an arrangement or design for dance

movements usually accompanied by
music.
 Choreography

It is the art of dancing that is composed

of a series of dance steps and
movements to create a story. It has
become in integrated art because it
incorporates both dance and music.
Musical Instruments

A musical instrument is any tool or

device that produces sound. It
consists of an array of shapes and
styles from simple to the complex.
Musical Instruments

Integration of arts is seen through the

intricate designs of musical instruments,
representing visual arts; and their function,
which is primarily to create music. A
musical instruments is an example of
integrative art.
Literary and Musical Compositions

Literary works are written works

meant to be read, sung, or delivered
in a play. Musical compositions on
the other hand, are not written but
notated, represented by musical
symbols.
Literary and Musical Compositions

These two types of compositions are some

of the easiest art forms to integrate with
another form. Literary pieces, such as
novels, short stories, and epics ate the
most common bases of their forms like
theater and cinema.
Literary and Musical Compositions

A theater without a playwright

is nothing; so is a cinema; so is
a cinema without a
scriptwriter.
Visual Design

It is a composition or layout of

lines, shapes, and color to form
patterns on paper, textile, or any
piece for that matter.
Visual Design

It can be found in either two-

dimensional works like painting
and drawing; or three-
dimensional works like installation
and sculpture.
Theatrical Performance

It refers to the staging and execution of a

production, like drama, opera, festival,
and the like. It pertains to a public
presentation of a dramatic or musical
entertainment.
Theatrical Performance

It is interdisciplinary because it goes beyond

theater, and other art forms, like puppetry,
cinema and sculpture. It also goes out the other
disciplines like psychology, and the social and
political sciences.
Cinema
It is the most popular of the art forms. It is
similar to the theater, except that is not a
live performance and the action is seen
on a flat screen. Although, it appeared
only in the 1900s in Manila and later
spread in the regions, it has gained public
acceptance.