Modern Periodic Table

Mrs. Coyle
Part I
 Introduction.
 Periods and groups.
 Metals, nonmetals and metalloids.
The Modern Periodic Table
 The Periodic Table is a listing of all the
known elements.
 The elements are organized by:
 Atomic number
 Chemical Properties
Groups and Periods

 Group( or Family): a vertical column.

Elements in groups have similar
chemical properties.

 Period: a horizontal row.

Groups and Periods are
numbered.
 There are 7 periods.

 There are 18 numbered columns.

IUPAC
 International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry

 1985 new system for labeling groups.

Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
 Elements can be classified into:

 Metals

 Nonmetals

 Metalloids (semimetals)
 Nonmetals
Metals
Metalloids
Actinides and Lanthanides
 Physical Properties of Metals

 Good conductors of electricity and heat.

 Malleable (can be hammered into sheets).
 Ductile (can be drawn into wires).
 Lustrous.
Chemical Properties of Metals
 Easily lose electrons.

 Form positive (+) ions.

Nonmetal Physical Properties
 They do not have the properties of
metals.
Nonmetal Chemical Properties
 Gain electrons.

 Form negative ions.

Part II
 Valence Electrons
 Group 1
 Group 2
-Niels Bohr’s Model –
Distinct Energy Levels
Periods
 The periods (rows) of the periodic table
indicate the highest energy level
occupied by one or more electrons.
Valence Electrons
 The electrons the occupy the highest
energy level of an atom.

 Valence electrons play a key role in the

chemical properties of an element.
“A” Groups (Old System)
 The “A” groups are numbered 18.

 The number of the “A” groups

correspond to the number of valence
electrons.
Group 1- Alkali Metals
 1 valence electron (ns1)

 Form a 1+ ion.

 Note: Hydrogen, a nonmetal, is located

in the first column because it has one
valence electron.
Group 1- Alkali Metals

Lithium

Sodium

Potassium

Rubidium

Cesium

Francium
Sodium’s Reaction with H2O
Produces Hydrogen
Reactivity of Alkali Metals
 Increases from top to bottom of the
group.

 Which is more reactive Cesium or

Sodium?
Note:
 Sodium and Potassium are stored in oil
to keep them from reacting with oxygen
and water in the air.

 Cesium is stored in glass tubes of argon

gas( an inert gas).
Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals

Beryllium

Magnesium

Calcium

Strontium

Barium

Radium
Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
 Have 2 valence electrons.

 Form 2+ ions.
Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
Reactions with Water

 Be does not react with water.

 Mg reacts with hot water.
 Ca, Sr, Ba react easily with cold water.

 Which way along the group does

reactivity increase?
 Notes:
 There is Mg in chrolophyll
C55H72O5N4Mg

 Calcium is in your bones,

chalk, limestone,
toothpaste, pearl (all as
calcium carbonate).
The Periodic Table