The Earth

Our Earth receive most of it’s energy,

called radiation, from the Sun.

Sun

The Atmosphere
This Energy is electromagnetic radiation
in the visible spectrum, with small amounts of
IR and UV radiations.
The incoming solar energy has a very short wavelength
and passes through the atmospheric gases unaffected to reach
the Earth’s surface.
 IR radiation
(heat)

The Earth’s surface absorbs the

solar energy and release it back
to the atmosphere as infrared(IR)
radiation, some of which goes
back to space.
IR radiation
(heat)
 IR radiation
(heat)

Some of the IR radiations emitted

by the Earth is absorbed by gases
in the atmosphere that re-emit the
energy as the heat back towards
the Earth’s surface.
 Three main gases in our atmosphere that
contribute to green house effect are
CO2,methane and water .

Carbon
dioxide
methane

water
 These gases absorb the infrared radiation emitted by
the earth and re-radiate the energy as heat back
towards the earth,causing a warming known as the
green house effect.

infrared

Absorbing IR radiation.
 With increasing CO2 emissions
from humans,the green house effect
has become drastically exagerrated

This has caused a dangerous

global warming process that is
threatining our current
environment by melting polar
ice caps and raising see levels
around the globe
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT:-

“natural process that creates

moderate temperatures on earth
to which life has adapted”

- Beneficial for sustaining life on earth.

-Natural
greenhouse effect.

-man-made
greenhouse
effect(enhanced).
MECHANISM OF GREEN
HOUSE EFFECT :-
 Solar energy reaches earth surface .
 30% directly reflected.
 Atmosphere absorbs the rays which were
not reflected in space.
 20% is absorbed by green house gases
in atmosphere.
 Part of absorbed rays by
earth brings warmth, in
turn directed in
atmosphere in form of
infrared rays.

 By receiving energy
directly from sun,green
house gases absorb
infrared rays .

 Heat is re-directed in
every direction;particularly
earth .
 Greenhouses are structures designed to retain heat.
 Look like small glass house
 Greenhouses are used to grow plants, especially in the
winter.
 Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun.
 The glass panels of the greenhouse let in light but keep heat
from escaping.
 This causes the greenhouse to heat up.
 The heat-trapping ability of a greenhouse is influenced by a
number of factors including the transparency of the
greenhouse cover, color of the surfaces inside the
greenhouse, and type of surfaces inside.
 The Earth’s atmosphere
is all around us. It is the
air that we breathe.

 Greenhouse gases in the

atmosphere behave
much like the glass
panels in a greenhouse.

 Sunlight enters the

Earth's atmosphere,
passing through the
blanket of greenhouse
gases.
 As it reaches the Earth's surface,land,
water, and biosphere absorb the sunlight’s
energy .
 Once absorbed, this energy is sent back
into the atmosphere.
 Some of the energy passes back into
space, but much of it remains
trapped in the atmosphere by the
greenhouse gases, causing our world
to heat up
WHAT FACTORS IMPACT
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT .?
 The earth's atmospheric "greenhouse
effect" is a complex .
 Earth temperature depends on green
house effect,amount of heating and
cooling are strongly influenced by several
factors.
 ALBEDO—percentage of solar energy
reflected by a surface.
Factors influencing earth
albedo:-
 Clouds
 Surface
 Oceans
 Forested area
CAUSES :-
 Increase in the quantity of green house gases.
 The natural causes of the Green house effect
are the emissions of gases like nitrous oxide,
carbon-dioxide, methane, ozone and water
vapour.
 man-made causes of the Green House effect is
deforestation .
 Burning of gasoline.
 Population growth
GREEN HOUSE GASES:-

 Carbon dioxide - 53%

 Methane - 17%
 0zone - 13%
 Nitrous oxide –12%
 CFCs – 5%
EMISSION ORIGIN:-
 CARBON DIOXIDE:-
burning of fossil
energies,massive destruction of tropical
forest.
 METHANE:-
breeding of rice
culture,garbage dump,exploitation of
petroleum and gas
 OZONE:-
transformation of exhaust gases.

 NITROUS OXIDE:-
agricultural fertilizers.
 Contributers to
Greenhouse Effect :-
 The greenhouse gases
include water vapor with
three atoms , ozone ,
carbon dioxide , and
methane. Also, trace
quantities of
chlorofluoro-carbons
can have a
disproportionately large
effect.
ROLE IN CLIMATE
CHANGE :-
 Enhanced greenhouse effect—increase
in radiative forcing—increase CO2 level.

 Increased CO2 level—additional

absorption and emission of thermal
infrared—net warming.
WHAT IS BEING DONE TO
REDUCE GLOBAL WARMING:-
 by reducing dependence on fossil fuels,

 increasing the use of renewable energy,

 expanding forests,

 and making lifestyle choices that help to

sustain the environment.
.
 warmer,hotter climate conditions.
 Desertification and soil erosion will
increase.
 Coastal areas more proan to flooding.
 Tropical storms and hurricanes.
 Health diseases like chronic .
 Insect carrying diseases like malaria.
 Marine life will be affected.
Positive effects :-

 Milder climate conditions make survival

possible.
 Plant productivity would increase
biodiversity.
 We won’t freeze to death .
 Increase in temperature –global warming.
 Melting of permafrost would release more
methane
 Species like polar bear,seals are
becoming extinct.
 Native people finding it harder to hunt .
 Herbivores would need to change their
eating patterns –change in biodiversity ..