WATER RESOURCES

WATER PROPERTIES FACTS:

• Water is unique in that it is the only natural substance

that is found in all three physical states (solid, liquid,
and gas) at the temperatures normally found on
Earth.
• Pure water has a neutral pH of 7.
 WATER PROPERTIES FACTS:

• Pure water, which you won’t ever find in the natural

environment, does not conduct electricity. Water
becomes a conductor once it starts dissolving
substances around it.
• Water is unusual in that the solid form, ice, is less
dense than the liquid form, which is why ice floats.
 WATER PROPERTIES FACTS:

• All the water on Earth arrived in comets and

asteroids. It happened between 4.5 and 3.8 billion
years ago, a period called the Late Heavy
Bombardment.
• There is the same amount of water on earth as there
was when the earth was formed. The water that
came from your faucet could contain molecules
that Neanderthals drank.
 OBJECTIVES:
•describe how water is distributed on earth;
•identify the various water resources on earth;
•explain how different activities affect the quality and
availability of water for human use; and
•suggest ways of conserving and protecting water
resources
How important is water?
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
 SALTWATER RESERVOIR
• An Ocean is a vast body of saline water.
• The salinity of seawater is maintained within a narrow range by the processes
in the hydrologic cycle.
• There are three major zones in the ocean:
a. surface layer
b. thermocline
c. deep zone
 FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

Glacier and Ice sheets

• A glacier is a permanent body of ice, which
consists largely of recrystallized snow.
• The unmelted snow is covered by another
layer the following winter. The snow gradually
accumulates and becomes compacted,
turning into mass of ice called ice sheets.
• Glaciers and ice sheets influence global
climate and hydrologic cycle.
 FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

Permafrost
• A soil, rock, or sediment that is frozen
for more than 2 consecutive years.
• The upper 30 to 100 cm soil thaws
during summer and refreezes during
winter.
• It comprises about 0.8% of the total
freshwater resource.
 SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

Stream
• A moving body of surface water that
flows downslope toward sea level
because of gravity.
• It has clearly defined passages called
channels.
• Rivers constitute about 1.6% of the total
surface and atmospheric water.
 SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

Lakes
• Are large inland bodies of fresh or
saline water.
• It forms in places where water
collects in low area (depression) and
behind natural or human made
dams.
• It stores 67% of the total surface and
atmospheric water.
 SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

Wetlands
• Land areas where water covers the surface for significant periods.
• It constitutes about 8.5% of the total land surface and atmospheric water.
TYPES:
a. Marsh
b. swamp
c. estuary
 SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR
Marsh – shallow wetland
around lakes, streams, and
oceans where grasses and
reeds are the dominant
vegetation.
 SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR
Swamp- wetland with lush
trees and vegetation found
in low lying areas beside
slow-moving rivers.
 SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

Estuary- partly enclosed

coastal body of water
where freshwater from
stream meets the
saltwater from the sea.
 SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR
Groundwater
• Freshwater found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface.
• The largest reservoir of liquid fresh water on earth. It constitutes about 30.1%
of the total freshwater on the planet.
 ACTIVITIES AFFECTING THE
QUALITY OF WATER
1. Population growth, particularly in water-short regions.
2. Movement of large number of people from the countryside to towns and
cities.
3. Demands for greater food security and higher living standards.
4. Increased competition between different uses of water resources.
5. Pollution from factories, cities, and farmlands.
 WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
AND CONSERVATION
• Presidential Decree No. 424 of 1974 created the National Water Resources
Council (NWRC) to coordinate and integrate water resources development.
• PD No. 1067 (1976) instituted the water code which consolidated the laws
governing the ownership, appropriation, utilization, exploration,
development, conservation, and protection of the water resources subject
to regulation by the NWRC.
• Executive Order No. 222 of 1995 established the Presidential Committee on
Water Conservation and Demand Management which was tasked to
prepare a nationwide Water Conservation Plan.
 WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
AND CONSERVATION
• Republic Act No. 8041 or the National Water Crisis Act of 1995 addressed the
country’s water problems through an integrated water management
program and development of new water resources and conservation of
identified watersheds, among other provisions.
• The Philippine Clean water Act of 2004 also provided a comprehensive water
quality management.
QUIZ