BASIC TRAINING FOR OPERATORS AND LEAD PERSONNEL

Introduction (Trainees)
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In food manufacturing operations, the requirement for FCS is

not just clean. More than that, the food contact surface
should be hygienic.

But…does “clean” and “hygienic” mean the same thing?

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“CLEAN means that soil and food residue have been visibly
removed from the surface”.

Before After
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"HYGIENE refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain
health and prevent the spread of diseases."
*World Health Organization (WHO)

*Hygiene usually refers to a person’s body or body parts

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And then there’s SANITATION…
which means the reduction of disease-causing microorganisms to
safe levels.

*Sanitation usually refers to objects and is achieved by the addition of chemicals

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Example of CIP process ( cleaning and sanitation)

Step Details
Wash Use a commercial detergent and 45°C (113°F)
water.
Rinse Rinse in clean hot water.
Sanitize Sanitize for 2 minutes with an approved
sanitizing solution (50 ppm chlorine or 12.5
ppm iodine).
Dry Drain boards should be sanitized and sloped
for drainage.
Never towel dry.
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Therefore, in order to achieve hygienic conditions, we have to
make surface BOTH clean and sanitary (or hygienic).
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Some causes of non-hygienic conditions:

• Improper cleaning
• Insufficient cleaning
• Contamination from man, the environment, vectors (including
pests)
• Any combination of the above
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Types of Food Hazards:

•Physical
•Chemical
•Biological
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Hazards Addressed by proper
hygiene?
Yes No
Physical (dirt, dust, dead
insects, raw mat and product
residue, pest droppings, wood
splinters, loose nails and
metals, etc.)

Chemical (excess grease,

residual cleaning chemicals,
etc.)
Biological (bacteria, molds,
etc.)
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CONTAMINATION FROM
VECTORS : PESTS
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ANTS
They could be a hazard, at least in theory, since they can carry
bacteria and could transfer them to food or an open wound.
Various disease-causing organisms—including E. coli,
Streptococcus, Shigella, Salmonella andStaphylococcus—
have been found on some species of ants, especially in
developing countries.

https://www.berkeleywellness.com/self-care/preventive-care/article/ants
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RODENTS
The accumulation of feces from mice and rats can spread bacteria, contaminate food sources and trigger allergic reactions in
humans. Once the fecal matter becomes dry, it can be hazardous to those who breathe it in. Moreover, rodent droppings
can spread diseases and viruses, including those listed below.
 Hantavirus - is a potentially life-threatening disease transmitted to humans by rodents. People become infected through
exposure or inhalation of infected rodent urine, droppings or saliva, and the chances increase when people are near spaces
where rodents are actively living.
 Bubonic Plague-also known as the "Black Death", the Plague is a highly contagious and often deadly disease notorious for
killing one-third of the European population during the Middle Ages. Plague is usually spread by the bite of an infected
rodent flea and can cause fever, headache and painfully swollen lymph nodes.
 Salmonellosis- is a type of food poisoning spread by rodent feces, especially through the consumption of contaminated
food. Symptoms include diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain. Each year, approximately 40,000 cases of Salmonella are
reported in the U.S.
 Rat-Bite Fever -(RBF) is a potentially fatal infectious disease spread by infected rodents or the consumption of food
contaminated by rodents. The CDC says that symptoms usually occur 3-10 days after exposure to an infected source and
include fever, vomiting, headaches, rash and muscle pain.
 https://www.pestworld.org/news-hub/pest-health-hub/overview-of-the-real-health-risks-posed-by-mice-and-rat-
infestations/
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FLIES
 The illnesses that flies can transfer include:
 Salmonella – symptoms include diarrhoea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
 Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery – symptoms range from mild abdominal
discomfort to full-blown dysentery characterized by cramps and diarrhoea.
 E.coli – although most strains are harmless, some can cause serious food poisoning.
 Cryptosporidium protozoa – which can cause gastrointestinal illness with diarrhoea in
humans.
 Bacteria resistant to a number of antibiotics.
 The eggs and cysts of various roundworms and flatworms.
 Myiasis, the infestation of human or animal tissue with fly larvae, often from eating food
contaminated with maggots.

https://www.rentokil.co.uk/blog/health-risks-humble-fly/#.XScA4-gzbIU
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Cockroach

Cockroaches could also transport microbes on their body surfaces

including pathogens that are potentially dangerous to humans.
Cockroaches have been implicated in the spread 33 kinds of bacteria,
including E. coli and Salmonella species, six parasitic worms and more
than seven other types of human pathogens.
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PICTURES ( IMPROPER/
INSUFFICIENT CLEANING)
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Questions?
Thank you