Introduction to Embedded

Systems -
Lesson 1: Definition,
classification, Skills Required,
Application Examples, ..

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 Definitions:
“An Embedded System is a
computer based system for an
application(s) or product with
dedicated software embedded in it.
It may be an independent system or
part of large system. – Present Book

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“It is any device that includes a
programmable computer but is
not itself intended to be a
general purpose computer.” –
Wayne Wolf, Ref: 79

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“Embedded Systems are the
electronic systems that contain a
microprocessor or a
microcontroller, but we do not
think of them as computers- the
computer is hidden or embedded in
the system.” – Todd D. Morton, Ref:
77
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 Three Classes of the Embedded
Systems

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1. Small scale system – Single 8
or 16 bit microcontroller, little
hardware and software
complexities, C or Java as
development platform, …

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2. Medium Scale System - Single or
few 16 or 32 bit microcontrollers or
DSPs or RISCs, may also employ the
readily available ASSPs and IPs in
the hardware, use complex software
design tools: ‘C’, Source code
engineering tool, RTOS, IDE
(Integrated Development
Environment) as the development
platform, …

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3. Sophisticated system – enormous
hardware and software complexities,
may also employ scalable or
configurable processors and FPGAs,
needs hardware and software co-design
and integration in the final system, used
for the cutting edge applications, for
example, an iPod or Smart mobile phone

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 Design Skills Requirement
 Embedded System development is a
team work of software and hardware
engineers of various skills. Exemplary
skills required are C/C+
+/Java/J2ME/Visual C++/.NET
programming, RTOS programming,
APIs, programming for device drivers,
IOs, APIs and network interfaces, ….

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Program and Design Modeling, Uses
of Inter-Process Communication,
Use of ICE, Lab Programming,
Assemblers, Simulators, IDE,
Debugging and Source code
Engineering tools, Project
Management, System Integration, ..

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Exemplary Application Areas – Also
refer to Section 1.5.1 pp. 37-39

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 Summary
We learnt
 (i) definition of an embedded
system,
 (ii) classification of the embedded
systems,
 (iii) design team skills required and
 (iv) exemplary application-areas.

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 End of Lesson 1

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Look at this
sunflower, a
nature’s gift –
How does the
nature embed its
software? The
flower rotates its
face
continuously
towards the Sun.
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