EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON

CHARACTERISTICS OFBITUMEN WITH

RUBBER AND LOW COST FIBRE

TEAM MEMBERS:
T.AHAMED 110115103006

K.JEGAN 110115103021

K.I.MOHAMED ALFER ASHIK 110115103024

T.MOHAMED FAREED 110115103026

SUPERVISOR
MRS.B.RAJALAKSHMI M.E.,
 ABSTRACT

The main aim of the project work is to analyse the properties of

flexible pavement using waste rubber tyres powder and low
cost fibres. Due to overall development, new roads is being
constructed, and the ever increasing population has raised the
vehicular density from last few decades. The wear and tear of
tires from these vehicles is undoubted. So a large number of scrap
tires are being generated. A large number of waste and worn out
tires are already in existence and with an annual generation rate
of 15-20% each year.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Zahra Niloofar Kalantar(2012) - Many researches on PMA mixture
have been conducted for the past two decades. Although
addition of virgin rubber to asphalt for the purpose of enhancing
the properties of asphalt over a wide temperature range in
paving applications was contemplated quite some time ago,
recycled polymer added.
Serkan Tapkin (2008) reported the strengthening mechanism in
asphalt concrete due to adhesion between polypropylene fibres
and bitumen. The test parameters were flow and stability.
Calcareous-based aggregate and 60/70 penetration bitumen were
used. The repeated load indirect tensile test is a commonly used
tensile test for stabilized materials in Marshall specimens.
Mahrez et al (2005) studied the fatigue and deformation
properties of glass fiber reinforced bituminous mixes. Stability
and flow value were determined by the Marshall test, indirect
tensile test and creep test.
 Introduction

• A low cost fibres namely polypropylene fibres and glass

fibres. A polypropylene has the property of fatigue resistance
naturally and the chain molecules of polypropylene fibres are
oriented across hinges to maximize the strength of bitumen
which is used for laying flexible pavement.
• Glass fibres are generally used as an insulating material. It
has property of high heat resistance and it is very strong and
light fibre reinforced polymer.
• Waste rubber tyres had the ability to absorb a large amount
of energy under compressive and tensile loads. So it has
capability of holding large amount of compressive loads and
tensile loads during traffic.
 MATERIALS TO BE USED

 BITUMEN
 GLASS FIBRE
 PLASTIC FIBRE(POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE)
 WASTE RUBBER POWDER
 MIX DESIGN

15% REPLACEMENT OF BITUMEN

BITUMINOUS MATERIAL 85%

RUBBER TYRE TUBE 05%

POLYPROPYLENE FIBRES 05%

GLASS FIBRES 05%

 30% REPLACEMENT OF BITUMEN

BITUMINOUS MATERIAL 70%

RUBBER TYRE TUBE 10%

POLYPROPYLENE FIBRES 10%

GLASS FIBRES 10%

 TEST TO BE CONDUCTED

 PENETRATION TEST
 DUCTILITY TEST
 VISCOSITY TEST
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OFBITUMEN
 SOFTENING POINT OF BITUMEN
 PENETRATION VALUE OF BITUMEN

 Penetration is a measurement of hardness of bituminous

material.
 It is the vertical distance travelled or penetrated by the point of
a standard needle in to the bituminous material under specific
condition of load, time and temperature.
 This distance is measured in one tenth of a millimeter. This
test is used for evaluating consistency of bituminous
materials.
 It is not regard as suitable for use in connection with the testing
of road tar because of the high surface tension exhibited by
these contain relatively large amount of free carbon.
 INDIAN STANDARDS FOR PENETRATION

The Indian standards institution has classified paving bitumen

available in this country into the following six categories depending
on the penetration values. Grades designated ‘A’ from Assam
petroleum and those designated ‘S’ are from other sources.

Bitumen A35 & A45 & A65 & A90 & A200 &
A25
grade S35 S45 S65 S90 S200

Penetration
20-30 30-40 40-50 60-70 80-100 175-225
value
 observation

For sample bitumen

INTIAL FINAL PENETRATION

S.NO
READING READING VALUE

1 0 89 89

2 89 173 84

3 173 253 80

Average penetration value of sample bitum en taken = 84.3

 For 15 % replacement of bitumen

INTIAL FINAL
S.NO PENETRATION VALUE
READING READING

1 132 164 32

2 171 209 38

3 224 252 28

Average penetration value of bitumen after 15% replacement = 32.67

 For 30 % replacement of bitumen

FINAL
S.NO INITIAL READING PENETRATION VALUE
READING

1 259 281 22

2 271 296 25

3 297 327 30

Average penetration value of bitumen after 30% replacement = 25.67

 Res ults

 Penetration value of sample bitumen = 80/100. So the grade

is A 90 or S 90.
 Penetration value of bitumen after 15 % replacement
=30/40. So the grade is A 35 or S 35.
 Penetration value of bitumen after 30 % replacement
= 20/30. So the grade is A 25.
 SOFTENING POINT OF BITUMINOUS
MATERIAL
 The softening point of bitumen or tar is the temperature at
which the substance attains a particular degree of
softening.
 Softening point is determined by ring and ball apparatus.
 As per IS: 334-1982, it is the temperature at which a
standard ball passes through a sample of bitumen in a
mould and falls through a height of 2.5 cm, when heated
under water at specified conditions of test.
 The binder should have sufficient fluidity before its
applications in road uses.
 The determination of softening point helps to know the
temperature up to which a bituminous binder should be
heated for various road use applications.
Indian Standards Institution for various grades
of bitumen are given below:

BITUMEN GRADES SOFTENING POINT,°C

A 25 & A 35 55-70

S 35 50-65

A 45 ,S 45 & A 65 45-60

S 65 40-55

A 90 & S 90 35-50

A 200 & S 200 30-45

 For sample bitumen

TRIALS
TEST PROPERTY MEAN VALUE
LEFT RIGHT

Temperature when the ball

touches bottom plate ,°C 43 --- 43

43
Final Softening Point Temperature
 For 15 % replacement of bitumen

TRIALS
MEAN VALUE
TEST PROPERTY
LEFT RIGHT

Temperature when the ball

touches bottom plate ,°C 47.2 --- 47.2

Final Softening Point Temperature 47.2

 For 30 % replacement of bitumen

TRIALS
TEST PROPERTY MEAN VALUE
LEFT RIGHT

Temperature when the ball

touches bottom plate ,°C 56.3 --- 56.3

Final Softening Point Temperature 56.3

 RESULTS

 The softening point of sample bitumen is 43°C and the grade

of bitumen is S 65
 The softening point of bitumen after 15 % replacement is
47.2°C and the grade of bitumen is A45 or S45 or A65
 The softening point of bitumen after 30 % replacement is
56.3°C and the grade of bitumen is A 25 or A 35
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BITUMEN

 The density of a bitumen binder is a fundamental property

frequently used as an aid in classifying the binders for use in
paving jobs.
 In most applications, the bitumen is weighed, but finally in
use with aggregate system, the bitumen content is
converted on volume basis.
 Thus an accurate density value is required for conversion of
weight to volume. The specific gravity is greatly influenced by
the chemical composition of binder.
 For sample bitumen

 Weight of pycnometer =0.411 kg

 Weight of pycnometer + bitumen =0.643 kg
 Weight of pycnometer + bitumen + kerosene = 1.230 kg
 Weight of pycnometer + kerosene =1.224 kg
 Specific gravity of samplebitumen =1.05
 For 15 % replacement of bitumen

 Weight of pycnometer =0.411 kg

 Weight of pycnometer + bitumen =0.683 kg
 Weight of pycnometer + bitumen + keros ene =1.222 kg
 Weight of pycnometer + kerosene =1.224 kg
 Specific gravity of samplebitumen =0.99
 For 30 % replacement of bitumen

 Weight of pycnometer =0.411 kg

 Weight of pycnometer + bitumen =0.611 kg
 Weight of pycnometer + bitumen + kerosene =1.238 kg

 Weight of pycnometer + kerosene =1.224 kg

 Specific gravity of samplebitumen =1.00
 RESULTS

 The specific gravity of sample bitumen=1.05

 15% replacement=0.99
 30% replacemen=1.00
 VISCOSITY TEST

 Viscosity is defined as the increase of fluidity. The degree of

fluidity at the application temperature greatly influences the
ability of bituminous material to spread, penetrate in to void
and also coat the aggregates and hence affects the strength
characteristics of the resulting paving mixes.
 There is an optimum value of fluidity or viscosity for mixing
and compacting for each aggregate gradation of the mix and
bitumen grade.
 At high fluidity or low viscosity, the bitumen binder simply
"lubricates" the aggregate particles instead of providing a
uniform film thickness for binding action
 For sample bitumen(Viscosity test)

TRIALS MEAN
TEST VALUE

1 2

VISCOSITY IN SEC 122 120 121

 For 15 % replacement of bitumen(Viscosity test)

TRIALS MEAN
TEST VALUE

1 2

VISCOSITYIN SEC 129 125 127

 For 30 % replacement of bitumen(Viscosity test)

TRIALS MEAN
TEST VALUE

1 2

VISCOSITYIN SEC 133 137 135

 RESULTS
PROPERTY SAMPLE 15 % REPLACEMENT OF 30 % REPLACEMENT
BITUM EN BITUMEN OF BITUMEN

The time in seconds for 50

121 127 135
ml of the test sample to
flow through the orifice
 DUCTILITY TEST

 A certain minimum ductility is necessary for a bitumen

binder.
 This is because of the temperature changes in
bituminous mixes and the repeated deformations that
occur in flexible pavements due to the traffic loads.
 It is of significant importance that the binders form
ductile thin films around the aggregates. The binder
material which does not possess sufficient ductility
would crack and thus provide previous pavement
surface.
 This is in turn results in damaging effect to the
pavement structure.
 Grades of Bitumen and its Ductile value

SOURCE OF PAVING BITUMEN & PENETRATION GRADE MINIMUM DUCTILITY VALUE (cm)

A 25 5

A 35 10

A 45 12

A 65,A 90 and A 200 15

S 35 50

S 45, S 65 and S 35 75
 For sample bitumen(DuctilityTest)

TEST PROPERTY TRIAL MEAN VALUE

DUCTILITY VALUE(cm) 76 76
 For 15 % replacement of bitumen(Ductility Test)

TEST PROPERTY TRIAL MEAN VALUE

DUCTILITY VALUE(cm) 11 11
 For 30 % replacement of bitumen(Ductility Test)

TEST PROPERTY TRIAL MEAN VALUE

DUCTILITY VALUE(cm) 8.5 8.5

 RESULTS

 The ductility value of sample bitumen =76 cm

 value of bitumen after 15 %replacement =11 cm
 value of bitumen after 30 % replacement =8.5cm
 CONCLUS ION

 In this chapter, the salient features of this project work on fibre

and rubber reinforced bituminous mixes are examined and
conclusions are drawn after a detailed analysis of the results
obtained.
 Hardness of bitumen is increased by partial replacement of
bitumen with fibres and rubber tyre tube chips when
compared to conventional bitumen.
 Fibre and rubber reinforced bituminous mix have high softening
point than normal bitumen without any reinforcement or
replacement. It is suitable for warmer regions to stop fatigue
cracking.
 The ductility value of bitumen is lower than conventional
bitumen . so ,it can be used in warmer or hotter areas.