MORPHEMIC

CHANGE
(FILIPINO AND ENGLISH)
IRENE B. ARANILLA
MAED - English
 MORPHOLOGY

• The study of structure of words and how words are

formed
 MORPHEME

• The smallest unit of language that carries meaning

 TYPES OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE

• Reduplication
• Compounding
• Derivation
• Inflectional
• Clipping
• Blending
 REDUPLICATION

• A word or lexeme that contains two identical or very

similar parts. The morphological or phonological process
of forming a compound word by repeating all or part of
it is known as reduplication. The repeated element is
called reduplicant.
 FILIPINO LANGUAGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Full Reduplication – Involves a reduplication of In English language, reduplication is normal for a single
the entire word vowel or consonant to change between the first
Example: constituent and the second
Gaya-gaya (copycat) Example:
Haka-haka (conjecture) See-saw
Partial Reduplication – Involves a reduplication of Walkie-talkie
only the last syllable of the word Reduplicates are used in a variety of ways:
Example: 1. To imitate sound – ding-dong, bow-wow
Hagikgik (giggle) 2. Alternative movements -flip-flop, ping-pong
Kakabakaba (jumpy) 3. Disparaging – dilly-dally, wishy-washy
Palakpak (clap) 4. Intensify meaning – teeny-weeny, tip-top
Pamaypay (fan)
Alaala (memory)
Baba (chin)
Bilbil (abdominal obesity)
Ningning (sparkle)
 COMPOUNDING

• is the process of combining two words (free morphemes)

to create a new word (commonly a noun, verb, or
adjective).
 FILIPINO LANGUAGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Nominal compounding is very common and is very productive. Compound words are written sometimes as one word
1. Descriptive Compound (sunglasses), sometimes as two hyphenated words (life-
e.g. daan “road” + bakal “iron”
threatening), and sometimes as two separate words (football
daang-bakal “railroad”
stadium)
2. Object Compound
e.g. basag “breaking” + ulo “head” Compounding is the most common type of word-formation in
basag-ulo “fight” English
3. Purpose compound
e.g. bahay “house” + paaralan “school”
bahay-paaralan “schoolhouse”
4. Possessive Compound
e.g. anak “child” + araw “sun”
anak-araw “albino’
5. Source compound
e.g. bata “child” + lansangan “street”
batang lansangan “homeless child
Verbal
e.g. basag-ulo “fight”
mag-basag-ulo “to engage in a fight”
e.g. agaw-buhay “near death”
mag-agaw-buhay “be near death”
 DERIVATION
• Also known as derivational affixation or affixation.
 -um

• added to the verb through affixation or repetition to indicate past, present or

future.

ROOTWORD kain (eat) Alis (go)

Past tense Kumain Umalis
Present tense Kumakain Umaalis
Future Tense Kakain Aalis
 Ma-
• added to a noun to change into adjective.

Rootword Ma-
Ganda (beauty) Maganda (beautiful)
Yaman (rich) Mayaman (rich)
Bango (fragrance) Mabango (fragrant)