Fire Fighting (From Basics To Installation) - NFPA-13

FIRE FIGHTING
INTRODUCTION (1st Edition)

Eng / Ali Hassan Mohamed
(fire fighting & plumbing design engineer)
• Fire Protection Major Goals:
A N
- Continuity of operation
SS
- Property protection
- Life safety
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Fire Protection component:
A N
SS
H A
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• Fire Protection component:
Fire rated wall
A N
Fire detection & alarm system
SS
H A
Fire fighting system
L I Fire fighters
. A
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• FIRE TRIANGLE
A N
SS
*OXYGEN (14-16% at least to start combustion)
H A
L I
. A
N
FUEL G Heat 0C
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You *Refer to NFPA 921-2001ed-sec 3.1.1.2
• FIRE TETRAHEDRON :
A N
SS
H A
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
. A
G
The fire tetrahedron represents the addition of a component, the chemical
chain reaction, to the three already present in the fire triangle. Once a fire
N
has started, the resulting exothermic chain reaction sustains the fire and
E
allows it to continue until or unless at least one of the elements of the fire is
blocked.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You *Refer to NFPA 921-2001ed-sec 3.1.1.2
• Fire extinguishment methods :
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G Why?
E
• Fire extinguishment methods cont. :
A N
S
 Why we use water as extinguishing agent:
1.
2.
cheap & available.
Large specific heat (Cp = 4.2 kJ/kg.K) .
A S
H
3. Large latent heat of vaporization (2257 KJ/kg) .
I
specific heat (Cp ) Latent heat of vaporization
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The amount of thermal energy required The amount of thermal energy required
A
to raise unit mass of a substance by one to change unit mass of a substance
.
degree, and its units are kJ/kg·K from phase to another, and its units are
kJ/kg
N G
E
• Some definitions used in fire codes :
Item Definition
A N
S
UL Under writers laboratories.
S
FM Factory Mutual research.
Shall Indicates a mandatory requirement .
Should
A
Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not
required.
H
I
Approved Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
L
Authority Having An organization , office, or individual responsible for enforcing the
Jurisdiction requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment,
A
(AHJ). materials, an installation, or a procedure.
G .
E N
• Some definitions used in fire codes :
 Common approvals :
A N
S
Factory Mutual research Under writers laboratories
American
A S
H
approvals
The Loss Prevention

L I Germany approval
Certification Board
. A
N G European
approvals
E
• Classifying Fires
Type of Fire
Fires that involve flammable solids such as wood, cloth, rubber, paper, and
A N
Australia European
*North
America
S
Class A Class A Class A
some types of plastics.
S
Fires that involve flammable liquids or liquefiable solids such as
Class B Class B
petrol/gasoline, oil, paint, some waxes & plastics, but not cooking fats or oils
Class B
A
Fires that involve flammable gases, such as natural gas, hydrogen, propane,
Class C Class C
butane
H
Fires that involve combustible metals, such as sodium, magnesium, and
Class D Class D Class D
potassium
I
(Class E)
Fires that involve any of the materials found in Class A and B fires, but with now no
L
the introduction of an electrical appliances, wiring, or other electrically longer in
Class E1 Class C
energized objects in the vicinity of the fire, with a resultant electrical shock the
A
risk if a conductive agent is used to control the fire. European
.
standards
Fires involving cooking fats and oils. The high temperature of the oils when on
G
fire far exceeds that of other flammable liquids making normal extinguishing Class F Class F Class K
agents ineffective.
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You *Refer to NFPA 10-2010ed-sec 5.2
• FIRE FIGHTING CODES :
1. AMERICAN CODES :
A N
S
CODE NO TITLE
S
NFPA 1 Uniform Fire Code
NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
NFPA 11
NFPA 12
H A
Standard for Low-Medium-and High-Expansion Foam
Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
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NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
L
NFPA 14 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
NFPA 15 Standard for water spray fixed system for fire protection
NFPA 16
. AStandard Installation of foam-water sprinkler and foam-Water

spray system
G
NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire
Protection
NFPA 24
E N Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains

and Their Appurtenances

• FIRE FIGHTING CODES cont. :
CODE NO TITLE
A N
S
NFPA 25 Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of
Water-Based Fire Protection Systems
NFPA 101
NFPA 220
Life Safety Code
A S
Standard on Types of Building Construction
H
NFPA 409 Standard on aircraft hangar
NFPA 418 Standard for helipad
NFPA 750
NFPA 2001
L I
Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
2. BRITISH CODE :
. A
G
-Fire offices committee (FOC)
-British standard (BS)
E N
3. EGYPTIAN CODE: ‫ق‬
- ‫ىلللللحري‬
‫لللاكود لللامصر‬

A N
SS
FIRE FIGHTINGH
SYSTEMS
A
L I
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• Course Contents:
A N
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• Course objectives :
1) Good knowledge about fire fighting systems.
A N
S
2) Full design for water based systems.
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a) Sprinklered system (dry –wet – preaction-deluge).
b) Water curtain system.
c) Foam systems.
d) Water spray systems.
e) Water mist systems.
H A
Advanced
f) Standpipe systems.
g) Fire hydrant.
L I
A
h) Monitors.
G .
3) Full design for gas based systems.
a) Clean agent system (inert gas-halocarbon).
b) CO2 system.
E N
c) Aerosol system.
4) Fire extinguishers.

• Course objectives cont. :
A N
5) Selection of proper fire protection system for different application.
6) How to use codes to get design data.
SS
H A
7) How to use calculation software (ELITE) for hydraulic calculation.
8) Full design (drawing & calculation) for project.
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A N
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1- WATER BASED
H SYTEMS A
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• MAIN SYSTEM COMPONENTS:
A) Reliable water source & pumps
A N
S
B) Piping network
C) Initiation and control equipment
D) Discharge devices
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
• A) Reliable water source & pumps
Ground tank
A N
Elevated tanks (gravity tanks)
SS
H A
Rivers & lakes
L I Fire pumps
. A
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• B) PIPING NETWORK
Fire protection pipes
A N
Fire protection fittings
SS
H A
Hangers & supports
L I
. A
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• C) Initiation & Control Equipment
Valves in Pump Room.
A N
Alarm Check Valve
SS
H A
Pressure Switch
L I Flow switches
. A
N G
E
• C) Initiation & Control Equipment
Supervisory Switches
A N
Pressure Reducing Valves
SS
H A
Pressure Relief Valves
L I Control Panels
. A
N G
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• D) DISCHARGE DEVICES
Sprinklers, Nozzles
A N
Hose valves, Hydrants
SS
H A
Monitors
L IFoam generator , Foam chambers
. A
N G
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A N
SS
H SYTEMS
A. SPRINKLERED
A
L I
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• *Classifying OCCUPANCIES
A N
A) Light hazard
SS
B) Ordinary hazard (group 1)
C) Ordinary hazard (group 2)
H A
D) Extra hazard (group 1)
E) Extra hazard (group 2)
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 5.1
A) LIGHT HAZARD
1) Animal shelters ‫ت‬(‫) ملجئ حيوانا‬
A N
S
2) Churches
S
3) Clubs
4) Educational
5)
6)
7)
Hospitals
Institutional
Kennels ‫ب‬
(‫للل‬
‫ت لل ك‬
H
‫) لللليبللو‬
A
8)
9) Museums
L I
Libraries , except large stack rooms
A
10) Nursing homes
11)
12)
13)
Offices
Residential
G .
Restaurant seating area
14)
15)
E NTheaters , excluding stages & prosceniums
Unused attics (‫تغير مستخدمة‬ ‫للللدرا‬
‫) للنس‬
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.2

B) ORDINARY HAZARD (GROUP 1)
1) Automobile parking and showrooms
A N
S
2) Bakeries
S
3) Beverage manufacturing ‫ت‬
(‫)مصانع لللامشروبا‬
4) Canneries (‫)مصانع للللتعللبئة ط عام‬
5)
6)
Dairy products manufacturing & processing
Electronic plants ‫ت‬
H
(‫)مصانع لللاكترونيا‬ A (‫)مصانع للالللللبان‬
7)
8) Laundries
L I
Glass & glass products manufacturing
A
9) Restaurant service area (kitchens)
G .
E N
C) ORDINARY HAZARD (GROUP 2)
1) Agricultural facilities
A N
S
2) ‫ت‬
Barns & stables(‫للل سطبل‬
‫ت& ا‬ ‫) لللا شونا‬
S
3) Cereal mills ‫ب‬
(‫) مطاحن لللاحبو‬
4) Chemical plants
5) Confectionery products(
6) Distillers
‫ت‬‫)مصانع لللاحلويا‬
(‫) م عامللللاتقطير‬
H A
7)
8)
Dry cleaners
Exterior loading docks
L I ‫ل‬
(‫فللللتحللمي‬
‫) رصي‬
A
9) Feed mills ‫ف‬(‫)مصانع عل‬
10)
11)
12)
.
Leather goods manufacturing
G
Libraries – large stack room area
Machine shops
13)
14)
E N
Metal working
Paper & pulp mills

C) ORDINARY HAZARD (GROUP 2) cont.
16) Paper process plants
A N
(‫)مصانع لللاورق‬
S
17) Plastic fabrication(‫للللل ستيك‬
‫ت ب‬ ‫)مصنع منتجا‬
S
18) Post offices
19) Printing & publishing
20) Racetrack stables / kennel area(
21) Repair garages
22) Resin application area(‫تاصمغية‬
‫ب‬
H A
‫للل حصنة & لللاكل‬
‫)مصانع لللامنتجاللل‬
‫تا‬
‫) اماكن لللاسباقا‬
23) Textile manufacturing

24) Tire manufacturing
L I (‫)مصانعلللانسيج‬
A
25) Tobacco products manufacturing ( ‫)مصانعلللاتبغ‬
26) Wood machining
G .
27) Wood products assembly
28) Mercantile (Malls – markets….)
E N
D) EXTRA HAZARD (GROUP 1)
1) Aircraft hangers (except as governed by NFPA 409)
A N
S
2) Combustible hydraulic fluid area
S
3) Die casing ‫)للبس‬
(‫للللاكة‬
4) Metal extruding
5)
6)
7)
Plywood and particleboard manufacturing(
H
‫ب‬
A
Printing (using inks with flash point <100 0F)
rubber material manufacturing
‫للبللس لللاخش‬
‫)مصانع ك‬
8)
9)
Saw mills
L
textile material manufacturing I ( ‫)للللتصللنيع خاملللانسيج‬
A
10) Upholstering with plastic foam (‫للل فايبر‬
‫للللا‬
‫)لللاتنجيد ب‬
G .
E N
D) EXTRA HAZARD (GROUP 2)
1) Asphalt saturating
A N
S
2) Flammable liquids spraying
S
3) Flow coating (‫) دهان‬
4) Open oil quenching(‫ت‬‫)للللبتللريد لللازي‬
5)
6)
7)
Plastic manufacturing
‫ف‬
Solvent cleaning(‫تللللتنللظي‬
‫) مذيبا‬
Varnish & paint dipping(‫للل غمر‬ ‫للللا‬
H
‫)لللادهان ب‬
A
(‫)للللتصللنيع خام لللابلستيك‬
L I
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• SPRINKLERED SYSTEMS
1) Sprinklers :
A N
 Sprinkler parts:
SS
H A
L I
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N G
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.6.1
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEMS
1) Sprinklers :
A N
Classified according to:
SS
A.
B.
Thermal sensitivity
Temperature rating
H A
C.
D.
K-factor
Installation orientation
L I
A
E. Special service conditions
G .
E N
• A- Thermal sensitivity
A N
• A measure of the rapidity with which the thermal element operates as
S
installed in a sprinkler assembly , one measure of thermal sensitivity is
S
response time index (RTI)
When RTI = 50 (ms)0.5
When RTI ≥ 80 (ms)0.5

H A
fast response
standard
L I
•Sensitive element may be glass bulb or fusible link
. A
N G
E
• B- Temperature rating
• The temperature at which sprinkler is activated
A N
S
• Indicated by color coding may be for glass bulb or frame arms
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table 6.2.5.1
• C- k-factor
Is factor used to calculate the flow required by sprinkler
A N
Q=K√P
SS
Q : flow in GPM
P : pressure in psi
H A
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• C- k-factor (according to ceiling height)
A N
In NFPA there isn’t any instruction that connect sprinkler K- factor and ceiling
S
height only reference mention that is FM-global(3-26).
K-factor
Ceiling up to 9m
5.6 8
A S
Ceiling from 9-18m Ceiling above 18m
25.2
I H
A L
G .
E N
• D- sprinkler orientation
Pendent sprinkler Upright
A N
S
sprinkler
S
H A
Sidewall sprinkler
L I
. A
N G
E
• D- sprinkler orientation
 Pendent sprinkler installation types
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• E- special service condition
Corrosion resistant sprinkler
A
Dry sprinklerN
SS
H A
Institutional sprinkler
L I Rack storage sprinkler
. A
N G
E
• E- special service condition cont. :
Decorative sprinkler
A N
Pilot line detector
SS
H A
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. A
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E
• Other sprinkler types (design , performance)
Control mode specific application
A N
Early suppression fast
S
sprinkler (CMSA) (large drop) response sprinkler (ESFR)
A S
I H
Extended coverage sprinkler
A L Conventional sprinkler
G .
E N
• Other sprinkler types cont.
Residential sprinkler
A N
Open head sprinkler
SS
H A
Quick response sprinkler
L IStandard sprinkler (K = 5.6)
. A
N G
E
• Get sprinkler data from deflector
A N
SS
H A
L I Standard spray
sprinkler pendent
. A
N G
E
• Stock of Spare sprinklers
A N
S
No. of spare sprinklers No. of sprinklers in system
S
6 300 >
1000 > & 300 ≤
A
12
24 1000 <
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 6.2.9.5
• 2) piping :
A N
S
Gridded system Looped system Tree system
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.3.4.6,7
• 2) piping cont. :
A. Pipe Materials
A N
S
B. Pipe dimension
S
C. Joining methods
D. Hangers
E.
A.
valves
Pipe materials
H A
I.
II.
L I
Aboveground (common: seamless black steel sch.40 – galvanized steel)
Underground (common: HDPE - ductile iron)
. A
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I. Aboveground
pipes Fitting
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 6.3 ; 6.4
II. Underground
pipes Fitting
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 10.1 ; 10.2
II. Underground depth of cover
 Underground Fire pipe minimum depth
A N
SS
H
90cm
A 80cm
120cm
L I
. A
N G
E
• B. Pipe dimension :
Steel pipe
A N
SS
H A
L I
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E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.6.3.2
• B. Pipe dimension cont. :
copper pipe
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• C. Joining methods :
Threaded pipe & fittings
A N
Welded pipe & fittings
SS
H A
L
Groove joining method (Victaulic coupling)I Brazed & soldered
. A
N G
E
• C. Joining methods cont. :
Remarks :
 Threaded joints :
A N
S
(a)
I. Thread joining permitted for schedule 40 for sizes less than 8 in.
II.

A S
Thread joining permitted for schedule 30 for sizes 8 in. and larger.
Applicable threaded joints for size ≤ 2 in. , welding or flanged and

grooved for sizes > 2 in.
I H
L
 Pipe bending : (b)
A
I. For schedule 40 and copper tubing
.
For 2 in. and smaller radius of bend ≥ 6 pipe diameter
For 2 ½ in. and larger radius of bend ≥ 5 pipe diameter
N
For all sizes G
II. For other steel pipes
radius of bend ≥ 12 pipe diameter

E Galvanized pipe shall not be bent or welded.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You a. Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 6.5
b. Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 6.3.7.9
• D. Hangers
Requirements :
A N
S
A) Support 5 times the weight of water
S
-filled pipe + 114kg.
H
ferrous. A
B) Hangers component shall be
L I
C) Hangers shall not be fastened to
gypsum ceiling or other soft material.
. A D)Distance between hanger and center
G
of upright sprinkler > 76 mm to not to be
an obstruction.
E N
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.2.3.3
• D. Hangers cont. (Trapeze)
A N
A shared support structure is a hanger or support designed for use by multiple
S
systems. Commonly, this is a trapeze that is arranged to support many lines,
S
such as chilled water lines, conduits, piping, or ductwork. With some building
structures, these shared supports are the most efficient way to support the
A
gravitational load of systems installed in the building.
H
L I
. A
N G
E
• D. Hangers cont. (Trapeze)
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• D. Hangers cont. (Rod sizes)
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• D. Hangers cont. (Fasteners in concrete)
Horizontal vertical
A N
 Post-installed anchors shall be
S
installed in horizontal position.
A S
 May be installed in vertical under
one of below condition:
I H
A. When concrete having gravel&
can support 4in or less in diameter.
A L B. When alternated with hangers

connected directly to structural
G . members such that trusses or side

of beams.
C. When spaced not more than 3m
E N apart (for ≥ 4in).

• D. Hangers cont. (Fasteners in concrete cont.)
Powder driven studs:
A N
S
• Representative samples of concrete into
S
which studs are to be driven shall be
tested to determine that the studs will
H A
hold a minimum load of (341 kg) for 2
in. or smaller pipe ; (454 kg) for 2 1/2
in. , 3 in. pipe ; and (545 kg) for 4 in.
L I
• Holes for bolts ≥ Bolt diameter+1.6
mm
A
• Bolts shall be provided with flat washer
G . & nut.
E N
• D. Hangers cont. (Fasteners in steel)
•
A N
Welding studs or other hanger parts shall
S
not attached by welding with steel have
S
thickness < 2.78 mm.
• Holes for bolts ≥ Bolt diameter+1.6 mm
•
H A
Bolts shall be provided with flat washer
& nut.
L I
. A
N G
E
• D. Hangers cont. (location of hangers)
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A E
N G
E
• D. Hangers cont. (location of hangers cont.)
Requirements :
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• D. Hangers cont. (location of hangers cont.)
A N
SS
H A
I
Hanger supported on I-beam Unobstructed armover to up sp.
A L
G .
E N
Riser supported with pipe clamp
(A)
Flexible sprinkler hose fitting
(Unobstructed armover < 1.8m)
Fire Fighting Tech. For You (A) Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.2.1.3.3
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES :
1) Wet system
A N
SS
H A
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. A
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• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
1) Wet system cont.
A N
•
SS
A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a
piping system contains water and connected to water supply so that
afire.
H A
water discharge immediately from sprinklers opened by heat from
•
I
Generally used wherever there is no danger of the water in the pipes
L
freezing and no special conditions requiring one of other systems.
•
. A
Areas such as hotels , offices , hospitals …. etc.
N G
E
2) Dry system
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
2) Dry system cont.
A N
•
SS
A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping
system contains air or nitrogen under pressure , when fire occur the
H
valve and out through opened sprinklers. A
sprinkler open making air release so the pressure of water can open the dry
•
I
Generally used wherever there is danger of the water in the pipes freezing.
L
(where temperature reaches below 40 0F (4.4 0C) )
•
. A
Areas subject to freezing such as parking garages , coolers , freezers ..etc.
•
G
Gridded dry pipe system shall not be installed.
N
•
E
Dry valve shall maintained at temperature ≥ 4 0C

2) Dry system cont.
A N
S
• Time needed to deliver water & most remote sprinkler
A S
I H
1.
A L
Time of water delivery don’t apply for systems ≤ 500 gallon.
2.
3.
4.
.
Time of water delivery don’t apply for systems ≤ 750 gallon with accelerator.
G
For dwelling unit water delivery time ≤ 15 sec (don’t apply EXH. 1 or 2)
We can use accelerator valve to reach required time.
5.
N
*Design area must be increase by 30% of wet system without changes in
E
density.

 *Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 11.2.3.2.5
2) Dry system cont.
A N
•
SS
The air supply shall have capacity of restoring normal air pressure in the
system within 30 minutes.
H A
L I
. A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.2.6.3.2
3) Preaction system
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
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E
3) Preaction system cont.
A N
•
S
S
system contains air that may or may not be under pressure , with
H A
supplemental detection system opens a valve that permits water to flow into
the sprinkler system and to be discharged from any opened sprinkler.
•
I
Areas where is a concern about accidental discharge such as electronic
rooms and libraries ….etc.
L
.
• System may be activated by:
A
G
I. single interlock (admits water to sprinkler piping when detector activated)
II. Non interlock (admits water to sprinkler piping when detector activated or
E N
automatic sprinkler)
III. Double interlock (admits water to sprinkler system when detector &
automatic sprinkler activated)
2) Preaction system cont.
A N
S
• Time needed to deliver water & most remote sprinkler
•
A S
I H
•
A L
Time of water delivery don’t apply for systems ≤ 500 gallon.
•
•
G .
We can use accelerator valve to reach required time.
*For double interlock pre.system the design area must be increase by 30%
of wet system without changes in density.
E N
• For single & non interlock system one preaction valve with max.1000
sprinklers (this with respect to permitted area according to hazard).

 *Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 11.2.3.2.5
4) Deluge system
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
4) Deluge system cont.
A N
•
SS
A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system
connected to water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation
A
of detection system in the same area as the sprinklers.
H
I
• When this valve opens water flow into piping system and discharges from
all sprinkler attached there.
•
A L
Areas where fast fires anticipated and the intent is to quickly discharge a
storage areas … etc.

G .
lot of water like transformers , aircraft hangars , flammable liquid use and
E N
5) Combined dry & preaction system.
A N
•
SS
system contains air or nitrogen under pressure with supplemental
H A
detection system when operate , actuates tripping device that open dry
valve and air exhaust valve at the end of the feed main.
•
I
If there is failure in detection system it will operate as dry system.
L
•
A
Combined dry pipe and preaction systems are not as common as they were
.
several decades ago. Such systems are intended to be applied to unusual
G
structures, such as piers or wharves, which require unusually long runs of
pipe.
E N
6) Antifreeze system.
A N
• Used in small unheated areas
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Remarks :
A N
•
SS
For dwelling units (hotels , motels…) we don’t use sprinkler in :
I. Bathrooms with area don’t exceed 5.1 m2.
H A
II. Closets and pantries with area don’t exceed 2.2 m 2.
I
III.Balconies.
•
L
For hospital we don’t use sprinkler in clothes closets don’t exceed 0.55
m2.
A
G .
E N
7) Water curtain :
A N
S
• Is a system used to protect walls , windows and roofs from exposure fires.
S
• The directional discharge produce a flat 1800 fan shaped spray pattern.
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
7) Water curtain cont. :
A N
S
• Find building severity :
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
 Refer to NFPA 80A-2001ed-sec 4.3
A N
S
• Find building width & height & opening percentage
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
 Building to building separation= guide No. X lesser dimension + 1.5m

 Refer to NFPA 80A-2001ed-sec 4.3
7) Water curtain :
A N
S
• Find application rate
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 23.7.1
7) Water curtain :
A N
S
• Nozzle distribution and calculate flow rate
A S
I H
A L
•
•
G .
Flow rate (1) (gpm) =zone (1) application rate X zone (1) area
•
•
E N
Total flow = flow rate (1+2+3)
A N
S
• If building to building less than calculated fire protection shall be
S
provide.
• Nozzles spaced not more than 2.44 m.
•
• Minimum residual pressure is 0.5 bar.
H A
Water curtain piping connected to deluge or manual operating system.
I
• The water supply shall be capable of simultaneously supplying the total
demand of sprinklers along an exposure to a maximum length of 300 ft
(91.4 m) with duration 60 min.
A L
G .
E N  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 11.3.3
8) Commercial kitchens:
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
8) Commercial kitchens cont. :
A N
 Wet chemical system for hoods
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• E. valves
Classification :
A N
S
Flow control valves Flow control valves
S
OS&Y gate valve Zone control station
Butterfly valve Backflow prevention valves
Post indicator valve
Sectional valve
H A
Drain valve
Test valve
I
Fire department connection
dry valve
Wet alarm valve
A L Pressure control valves
.
Relief valve
Deluge valve
G
Pressure reducing valve (PRV)
Preaction valve
N
Accelerator
E
Check valve

• E. valves
A. OS&Y gate valve
A N
Remarks :
I.
SS
when working pressure > 12.1 bar
A
extra heavy valves must be used.
I H
II. Tamper switch used to prevent
valve from locking (give alarm).
A L III. We may be use chain with lock to
.
confirm that no one can close it.
N G
E
• E. valves
B. Butterfly valve
A N
Remarks :
SS
I. valve may be with hand lever so the
A
space for operation need to be
checked.
I H
L
. A III. We may be use chain with lock to

N G IV. when working pressure > 12.1 bar
E

• E. valves
C. Post indicator valve (PIV)
A N
Remarks :
I.
SS
when working pressure > 12.1 bar
A
I H
A L III. We may be use chain with lock to
.
N G
E
• E. valves
D. sectional valve
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• E. valves
D. sectional valve
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
Large private fire service main systems shall have sectional controlling valves
at appropriate points in order to permit sectionalizing the system in the event
of a break or for the making of repairs or extensions.
E
• E. valves
E. Fire department connection (Siamese connection)
A N
Remarks :
SS
I. Shall consist at least of 2×2 1/2 in.
A
II. Single inlet only accepted for riser with
diameter ≤ 3in.
I H
III. Shall be approved. (UL – FM)
IV. Shall be located between 457-1200 mm
L
above grade level.
V. There shall be no shut off valve .
. A VI.Pipe size ≥ 4 in. for engine connection.

VII.Pipe size ≥ 6 in. for boat connection.
N G VIII.Pipe size shall not less than riser size.

IX.When system pressure < 150psi sign shall
E
not be required.

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.17.2.3
• E. valves
E. Fire department connection (Siamese connection) cont.
A N
SS Remarks :
H A X= 457 – 1219 mm
L I
. A
N G
E
• E. valves
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• E. valves
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
• Systems shall not required FDC:
I H
A. Building located in remote area that are
inaccessible for fire department support.
A L B. single story building with area < 186m2.
G . C. large capacity deluge system that

exceed the pumping capacity of fire
E N defense.

• E. valves
F. Dry valve
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• E. valves
G. wet alarm check valve
A N
SS
H A
L I
A
Remarks :
G
 One alarm check for all
building risers.
.
 Located at the pump room.
E N
 Have two devices for alarm
a.Water motor with gong.
b.Pressure switch.
• E. valves
H. Deluge valve
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• E. valves
I. Preaction valve
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• E. valves
J. Accelerator
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
I. Used for reducing time of dry and
H
preaction valve opening (< 60 sec).
L I
II. shall be located as close as practical to
the dry pipe valve.
. A III. Antiflooding devices associated with a
G
dry pipe valve accelerator are activated
when the dry pipe valve trips.
E N IV. May be mechanical or electrical.

• E. valves
J. Check valve
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
I. May be swing or butterfly check valve.
II.
I H
Must be used after Siamese connection.
A L
III. Must be used after fire pump (electric or
diesel or jockey pump)
G .
E N
• E. valves
K. Zone control station
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.8.17.4.2
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.8.17.5.2.2
• E. valves
K. Zone control station (Cont’d)
A N
Remarks :
I.
SS
Multistory buildings exceeding two stories in height shall be provided with
A
a zone control station on each floor level.
II.
H
Zone control station shall not be required where sprinklers on the top level
I
of a multistory building are supplied by piping on the floor below.
A L
III. Zone control station shall not be required where the total area of all floors
.
combined does not exceed the system protection area limitations.
Extra hazard
25000
N G
Ordinary hazard
52000
Light hazard
52000
unit
ft2 Maximum protection
E
2323 4831 4831 m2 area by one floor ZCS

• E. valves
L. Backflow prevention
A N
S
Remarks :
S
I. Used when private fire system
connected to public water
II.
H A
Backflow prevention devices are not a
I
requirement of NFPA 13 and serve no
L
benefit to the sprinkler system.
Backflow prevention devices are
. A typically required by public health

authorities for non–fire protection
G
purposes.
E N III. Means shall be provided downstream of

all backflow prevention valves for flow
tests at system demand.
• E. valves
L. Backflow prevention cont.
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
III. Used with antifreeze systems.
I H
IV. Used when there is cross connection
between fire system and potable water.
A L
G .
E N
• E. valves
M. Drain valve
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
I. Drain valves shall be approved.
I H
A L
G .
E N
• E. valves
M. Drain valve cont.
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
III. In dry pipe & preaction systems , branch
lines shall be pitched at least 4 mm/m ,
I H
and mains shall be pitched at least 2
mm/m in non refrigerated areas.
A L
IV. Where subject to freezing, a minimum
.
1.22 m of exposed drain pipe shall be
in a heated area between the drain valve
N G and the exterior wall when drain

piping extends through the wall to the
E
outside.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.2.3.1

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.2.4.8
• E. valves
N. Test valve
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.8.17.4.2
• E. valves
N. Test valve cont.
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• E. valves
O. Pressure Relief Valves
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
Shall be installed with diesel drive
pump when 121% of shutoff (churn)
I H
pressure plus static pressure exceed.
component rating pressure.
A L Shall be installed between the pump
.
and discharge check valve.
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 20-2013ed-sec4.18.1.2
 Refer to NFPA 20-2013ed-sec4.18.3
• E. valves
P. Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
I. In portions of systems where all
P1
H
P2 components are not listed for
pressure greater than 175 psi (12.1
L I bar) and the potential exists for

normal water pressure in excess of
A
175 psi (12.1 bar), a listed pressure-
P2 < P1
.
reducing valve shall be installed.
N G II. Used with fire hose cabinet to avoid

exceeding the maximum permissible
E
pressure.

• F. Water flow alarm devices
Flow switch
A N
Water motor &Gong
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
Installation REQUIREMENTS
I
A L
G .
E N
A N
SS
H A
A. Standard
I sprinkler
A L
G .
E N
• Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
A N
Extra hazard
90
Ordinary hazard
130
Light hazard
200
SS
unit
ft2
A
Max. sprinkler protection
8.4 12.1 18.6 m2 area (pipe schedule)
H
100 130 225 ft2 Max. sprinkler protection
I
9.3 12.1 20.9 m2 area (hydraulic calc.)
L
12 15 15 ft Maximum distance
3.7 4.6 4.6 m between sprinkler
6
1.8
.
6
1.8
A 6
1.8
ft
m
Minimum distance
between sprinkler
N G
E
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.3.4
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
 L=room length
 W=room width


X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
2X = distance between sprinklers.
I H

 X ≥ 4 in.
A L
Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
 For upright sprinklers :
G .
For unobstructed ceiling 1 in. < Y < 12 in.
E N
 Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 1.8 m to avoid intercooling.

A N
 Exhibition : Small Rooms
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
 Small room exhibition limited to light hazard and have area ≤ 74.3m 2 and wall opening
E
width doesn’t exceed 2.4m for each.

• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 (sprinkler performance)
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-secA.8.7.5.5
 Obstructed ceiling
A
2) Concrete Tee
N
S
1) Beams (spaced 0.9 : 2.3m)
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-secA.3.7.1
 Obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
A N
S
3) Wood Joist
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
 For obstructed ceiling
Option -
SS Option - 2
1
H A
L I
. A
N G
I - Install sprinkler below structural II - Install sprinkler in each bay.
E
member.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.2

A. Standard upright & pendant sp.
A N
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
Option -
SS
3
H A
L I
. A
N G
III - Install sprinkler at or above
E
structural member.

A N
Option -
SS
4
H A
L I
. A
N G
IV - Install sprinkler below wood
E
joists.

A N
 Wood truss
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
May be pipe
S
with D ≥ 3in.
S
 Wood truss
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
 Wood truss
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
S
S
Remarks :
A
H
ceiling  Sprinklers shall be installed under
I
fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m)
wide, such as ducts, decks, open
A L
Duct
grate flooring, cutting tables, and
overhead doors.
G .
E N
A N
 For obstructed Floor
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
 For vertical change in ceiling
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
 For ceiling pockets
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.7
A N
 For pitched roof
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
 For pitched roof (cont’d)
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
 For pitched roof
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
 For skylight
SS
A
 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from skylights not exceeding 32
ft2 (3 m2) in area, regardless of hazard classification
I H
A L
G .
E N
A. Standard upright and pendant sprinkler
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
 The sprinkler system shall extend at least 24 ft (7.2 m) into the space
above the ceiling.
A. Standard Sidewall sprinkler coverage
A N
Light hazard
Noncombustible
SS Ordinary hazard
Noncombustible
A
Combustible
Combustible or limited or limited
Unit ceiling finish
ceiling finish combustible combustible
H
ceiling finish ceiling finish
I
Max. distance ft 14 14 10 10
L
along the wall m 4.3 4.3 3 3
A
Max. room ft 12 14 10 10
.
width m 3.7 4.3 3 3
G
Max. protection ft2 120 196 80 100
area m2 11.2 18.2 7.4 9.3
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table8.7.2.2.1
A. Standard sidewall sprinkler
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
 L=room length
 W=room width


I H

 X ≥ 4 in.
A L
H = distance between deflector , ceiling
 For sidewall sprinklers :

4 in. < H < 6 in.
Otherwise listed for > 6in.
G .
E N

A N
Remarks :
SS
I. From ceiling sidewall sprinkler 4 to 6 in.
A
II. From walls sidewall sprinkler min. 4 in.
III. From wall at which sidewall sprinkler
I H
mounted may be less than 4 in.
A L
G .
E N
A N
S
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
S
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
May be pipe
with D ≥ 3in.
S
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
S
 For obstructed Floor
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
SS
B. CONTROL MODE
H SPECIFIC A
I
L (CMSA)
APPLICATION
. A
N G
E
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
Construction type
ft2
SS
Protection area
m2
Maximum spacing
ft m
Noncombustible unobstructed
Noncombustible obstructed
130
H
130 A12.1
12.1
12
12
3.7
3.7
I
combustible unobstructed 130 12.1 12 3.7
L
combustible obstructed 100 9.3 10 3.1
A
Rackstorage combustible obstructed 100 9.3 10 3.1
Rackstorage combustible
G .
unobstructed , noncombustible
100 9.3 12 3.7
E N COMMON

A N
Remarks :
SS
A
 L=room length
 W=room width


I H

 X ≥ 4 in.
A L
Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
G .
For Unobstructed ceiling … 6 in. < Y < 8 in.
E N
 Minimum distance between deflector and
storage is 36in.
A N
Option -
SS Option - 2
1
6in to
H A
I
12in.
L
Max.
22in.
. A
N G
I - Install sprinkler below ceiling. II - Install sprinkler below wood
E
joists.
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.4.1.2

A N
Option -
SS
3
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
structural member.

A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
May be pipe
S
with D ≥ 2in.
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A ≤ 24in.

A N
SS
C. EARLY SUPRESSION
H A
L I
FAST RESPONSE (ESFR)
. A
N G
E
C. ESFR upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
Construction type
SS
Ceiling/Roof Height ≤ 9.1m Ceiling/Roof Height > 9.1m
Protection area
ft2 m2
H
ft m A
Max. spacing Protection area
ft2 m2
Max. spacing
ft m
100
L
9.3
I12 3.7 100 9.3 10 3.1
. A
N G
E
A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
SS
 W=room width
 X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
H A
I
 2X = distance between sprinklers.
L
 Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
 X ≥ 4 in.
. A
obstructed ceiling ……. 3 in. < Y < 12 in.
G
N
 Minimum distance between deflector and
E
storage is 36in.
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.12.3.4.1
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
D. EXTENDEDH
COVERAGE A
I
L (ECS)
SPRINKLER
. A
N G
E
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
A N
Construction type Light hazard
SS Ordinary hazard
A
Protection area spacing Protection area spacing
H
ft2 m2 ft m ft2 m2 ft m
I
400 37.2 20 6.1 196 18.2 14 4.3
A L
.
Construction type Extra hazard High piled storage
G
Protection area spacing Protection area spacing
N
ft2 m2 ft m ft2 m2 ft m
E
196 18.2 14 4.3 196 18.2 14 4.3

A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
SS
 W=room width
H A
I
L
 X ≥ 4 in.
. A
For unobstructed ceiling …1 in < Y < 12
in.
N G
E
 Sprinkler performance
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-secA.8.7.5.5
A N
Option -
SS Option - 2
1
H A
L I
. A
N G
I - Install sprinkler below structural II - Install sprinkler in each bay.
E
member.

A N
S
Option -
3
A S
I H
A L
.
8.8.5.2
N G
E
structural member.

A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d) May be pipe
S
with D ≥ 3in.
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
S
S
Remarks :
A
H
ceiling  Sprinklers shall be installed under
I
fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m)
wide, such as ducts, decks, open
A L
Duct
grate flooring, cutting tables, and
overhead doors.
G .
E N
A N
S
 For obstructed floor
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
 For vertical change in ceiling
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.8.4.1.1.4
A N
 For ceiling pockets
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
 For skylight
SS
A
 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from skylights not exceeding 32
ft2 (3 m2) in area, regardless of hazard classification
I H
A L
G .
E N
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage
A N
Construction type Light hazard
Protection area spacing
SS Ordinary hazard
Protection area spacing
Unobstructed ,
smooth , flat
ft2
400
m2
37.2
ft
28
H
m
8.5
A ft2
400
m2
37.2
ft
24
m
7.3
L I
. A
N G
E
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage
A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
SS
 W=room width
H A
I
L
 H = distance between deflector , ceiling
 X ≥ 4 in.
. A
4 in. < H < 6 in. Otherwise listed for > 6in.
N G
 No sprinklers shall be located within the
maximum protection area of any other
sprinkler
E
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage CONT.
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
• Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. : May be pipe
N
with D ≥ 3in.
S A
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
Remarks :
SS
I. From ceiling sidewall sprinkler 4 to 6 in.
A
II. From walls sidewall sprinkler min. 4 in.
III. From wall at which sidewall sprinkler
I H
mounted may be less than 4 in.
A L
G .
E N
A N
SS
H A
E. RESIDENTIAL
I SPRINKLER
A L
G .
E N
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler
A N
Specification
Protection area
SSValue
According to manufacturer
Maximum spacing
Minimum spacing
H A
According to manufacturer
2.44 m
L I
. A
N G
E
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler (cont’d)
A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
SS
 W=room width
H A
I
L
. A
For unobstructed ceiling …1 in < Y < 4 in.
Otherwise listed for > 4in.
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
S
 Ceiling obstruction
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
S
 Ceiling obstruction (cont’d)
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A N
S
 Floor obstruction
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
E. RESIDENTIAL sidewall SPRINKLER
A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
SS
 W=room width
H A
I
L
 H = distance between deflector , ceiling
. A
4 in. < H < 6 in. Otherwise listed for > 6in.
N G
E
E. Residential sidewall sprinkler (cont’d)
 Ceiling obstruction
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
F. Dry SPRINKLER
I
A L
G .
E N
F. Dry sprinkler
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
F. Dry sprinkler cont. :
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H A
G. Pilot Isprinkler
A L
G .
E N
G. Pilot sprinkler
A N
Item
Maximum horizontal spacing
Outdoor
2.5m
SS Indoor
3.7m
A
Maximum vertical spacing 5.2m ------
H
Maximum distance below ceiling ------ 0.56m
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
H. General & Special
H A
L I
installation requirement
. A
N G
E
 Return bend
A N
Remarks :
SS
I.
A
Shall be used when water supplied from
H
raw water – mill pond – open tank.
II.
L I
Shall not be required for deluge systems.
A
III. Shall not be required with dry pendant
G . sprinkler.
IV. Shall not be required with sprinklers
E N have k-factor ≥ 11.2.

 Return bend cont. :
A N
SS (Max. 4in.)
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
 Above and below ceiling sprinkler :
A N
S
Remarks :
S
Ceiling US  When above ceiling sprinkler shall
be installed :
H A
 According to NFPA 13 requirement :
I
False ceiling PS
I. If ceiling constructed from
A L combustible material like wood.
G . II. If concealed space used for storage.
III. If concealed spaces used for
E N maintenance (like hygienic places..).

 Above and below ceiling sprinkler (cont’d) :
A N
S
Remarks :
S
Ceiling US  When above ceiling sprinkler shall
be installed :
A
> 80cm
H
 According to British codes:
I
False ceiling PS
I. If ceiling depth larger than 80cm.
A L II. Concealed space contain combustible

material.
G .
E N
 Escalator Draft stop
A N sprinkler
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
 Library Stack Areas and Medical Record Storage.
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
 Library Stack Areas and Medical Record Storage cont.
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
I. Classified as ordinary hazard group II.
II.
H
Where Y ≥ 18 in. sprinklers installed without
regard to aisles.
I
L
III. Where Y < 18 in. there is two situations:
A
G .
• If there is complete dividers , sprinklers
shall installed in every aisle and tier with
N
spacing ≤ 3.7 m.
• With non complete dividers sprinkler shall
E
be staggered.
 Library Stack Areas and Medical Record Storage.
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.
A N
Remarks :
SS
A
I. Sidewall spray sprinklers shall be installed at the
bottom of each elevator hoistway not more than
0.61 m above the floor of the pit.
I H
II. If hoistway enclosed with noncombustible shaft
L
(don’t contain hydraulic fluids) shall not
required sprinkler at the pit.
. A
III. Upright or pendent or sidewall sprinkler shall be
installed at the top of hoistway.
N G
IV. If hoistway is non or limited combustible and car
enclosure material according to ASME A17.1
shall not required sprinkler at the top.
E
(except if belt is combustible)
 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
 Sprinklers & fans.
A N
I. Fan up to 1.5m diameter :
SS
Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed without regard to the blades of ceiling
A
fans less than 60 in. (1.5 m) in diameter.
II. High volume low speed fan (HVLS) :
I H
The installation of HVLS fans in buildings equipped with sprinklers, including
L
ESFR sprinklers, shall comply with the following:
a) The maximum fan diameter shall be 24 ft (7.3 m).
. A
b) The HVLS fan shall be centered approximately between four adjacent
sprinklers.
N G
c) The vertical clearance from the HVLS fan to sprinkler deflector shall be a
minimum of 3 ft (0.9 m).
E
d) All HVLS fans shall be interlocked to shut down immediately upon
receiving a waterflow signal from the alarm system.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.5.2.1.10
A N
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
II. High volume low speed fan (HVLS) cont. :
SS
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
A N
SS
HA
PIPE ISIZING
A L
G .
E N
A N
SS
H A
A. PIPE SCHEDULES
I
A L
G .
E N
• Pipe schedules :
1) LIGHT HAZARD:
A N
S
Light hazard Light hazard above and below
S
Steel Copper
ceiling
Steel Copper
A
Pipe No. of No. of Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
1 in.
1 ¼ in.
2
3
2
3
I H 1 in.
1 ¼ in.
2
4
2
3
1 ½ in.
2 in.
5
10
5
12
A L 1 ½ in.
2 in.
7
15
5
18
2 ½ in.
3 in.
30
60
G . 40
65
2 ½ in. 50 65
N
3 ½ in. 100 115
E
4 in. ------ ------
Max. 30sp above or below
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.2.4
 Remarks :
A N
S
I. Maximum no of sprinkler per branch is 8 sprinklers.
II. No of sprinkler per branch may be increased to 9 sprinklers by making
thereafter standard.
A S
the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and the sizes
III. Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a branch line, making
sprinkler by a 2 ½ in. pipe.

I H
the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and feeding the tenth
A
according to ordinary hazard.
L
IV. For light hazard if sprinkler No. exceeding 100 sprinklers sizing then
.
V. For above & below ceiling if sprinklers exceed 50 then sizing is
G
increased to 3 in. then according to standard schedule for the number of
sprinklers above or below a ceiling, whichever is larger.
N
VI. For above and below ceiling max .No of sprinklers is 8 for above and 8
E
for below ceiling.

2) ORDINARY HAZARD:
A N
S
Ordinary hazard
Pipe
size (in)
Steel
No. of
sprinklers
Copper
No. of
sprinklers
A S
Pipe
size (in)
Steel
No. of
sprinklers
Copper
No. of
sprinklers
1 in.
1 ¼ in.
2
3
2
3
I H 5 in.
6 in.
160
275
180
300
1 ½ in.
2 in.
5
10
5
12
A L 8 in. ------- -------
2 ½ in.
3 in.
20
40
G . 25
45
o If distance between sprinklers or
N
3 ½ in. 65 75
branches ≤ 3.7m
E
4 in. 100 115
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.3.4

2) ORDINARY HAZARD CONT. :
A N
No. of sprinklers – greater than 3.7m
separation (branches or sprinklers)
SS
ordinary hazard above and below ceiling
A
Steel Copper
Steel Copper
H
Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
I
Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers 1 in. 2 2
2 ½ in.
3 in.
15
30
20
35
A L 1 ¼ in.
1 ½ in.
4
7
4
7
3 ½ in. 60
G . 65 2 in.
2 ½ in.
15
30
18
40
N
3 in. 60 65
E
Max. 40sp above or below
(separation ≤ 3.7)
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.3.5
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.3.7
 Remarks :
A N
S
I. Maximum no of sprinkler per branch is 8 sprinklers.
S
II. No of sprinkler per branch may be increased to 9 sprinklers by
making the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and
the sizes thereafter standard.
H A
III. Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a branch line,
I
making the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and
feeding the tenth sprinkler by a 2 ½ in. pipe.
A L
IV. For above & below ceiling if sprinklers exceed 60 then sizing is
increased to 4 in. then according to standard schedule for the
G .
number of sprinklers above or below a ceiling whichever is larger.
V. For above and below ceiling max .No of sprinklers is 8 for above
and 8 for below ceiling.
E N
3) EXTRA HAZARD :
A N
S
Extra hazard
S
Steel Copper Steel Copper
A
Pipe No. of No. of Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
1 in.
1 ¼ in.
1
2
1
2
I H 5 in.
6 in.
90
150
100
170
L
1 ½ in. 5 5
A
2 in. 8 8 Remarks :
2 ½ in.
3 in.
15
27
G . 20
30
This table is reprinted only as a
guide for existing systems.
N
3 ½ in. 40 45
4 in. 55 65
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-tableA.23.5.4
• Project Design Stages :
Schematic design
A N
S
and basis of
Concept design. Developed design.
S
design report
(BODR).
H A
Shopdrawings.
L I
Tender document. Detailed design.
. A
N G
As built (after
construction).
E
• Project Design Procedure:
1.
A N
Find NFPA 101 or NFPA 5000 fire extinguishment requirements for your
building (with respect to local codes or AHJ).
2.
3.
Determination the building hazard .
SS
Locating non sprinklered spaces. (ex. Rooms need gas systems) then calculate
A
gas volume required for extinguishment.
4. Distribution for sprinklers according to hazard requirement .
H
5. Determination No. of risers and standpipe needed for sprinklers and FHCs.
I
6. Pipe routing .
7. Pipe sizing by pipe schedule according to material and hazard.
8.
9.
A L
Locating the design area (most demand flow and pressure) .
Hydraulic calculation for pump sizing .
10.
11.
12.
Pump selection .
G .
Tank capacity calculation .
Pump room design .
13.
14.
E N
If there is room need foam system (ex. Generator room) calculate foam
concentrate quantity.
Fire extinguisher distribution.
A N
SS
H A
Thank I You!
A L
G . Ali Hassan Mohamed
Fire & plumbing design engineer
N
(+02)01001737218
E
Ali_hassan644252@yahoo.com

Fire Fighting (From Basics To Installation) - NFPA-13

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Fire Fighting (From Basics To Installation) - NFPA-13

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FIRE FIGHTING

INTRODUCTION (1st Edition)

The Loss Prevention

. AStandard Installation of foam-water sprinkler and foam-Water

E N Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

6) How to use codes to get design data.

8) Full design (drawing & calculation) for project.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.2

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.3

23) Textile manufacturing

When RTI = 50 (ms)0.5

When RTI ≥ 80 (ms)0.5

Applicable threaded joints for size ≤ 2 in. , welding or flanged and

. A D)Distance between hanger and center

A L B. When alternated with hangers

G . members such that trusses or side

E N apart (for ≥ 4in).

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.1.3

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.4.5

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.2.3.6

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.3.2.3

storage areas … etc.

I. Bathrooms with area don’t exceed 5.1 m2.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

A L Pressure control valves

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

A L III. We may be use chain with lock to

. A III. We may be use chain with lock to

N G IV. when working pressure > 12.1 bar

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

A L III. We may be use chain with lock to

. A VI.Pipe size ≥ 4 in. for engine connection.

N G VIII.Pipe size shall not less than riser size.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.17.2

A L B. single story building with area < 186m2.

G . C. large capacity deluge system that

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.17.2.2

. A III. Antiflooding devices associated with a

E N IV. May be mechanical or electrical.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.2.4

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.1.5

. A typically required by public health

E N III. Means shall be provided downstream of

N G and the exterior wall when drain

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.2.3.1

A L Shall be installed between the pump

L I bar) and the potential exists for

N G II. Used with fire hose cabinet to avoid

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.1.2

 For upright sprinklers :

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.3.3

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.3.2

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.2

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.2

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.2

 For sidewall sprinklers :

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.3.3

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table8.11.2.2.1

 For upright sprinklers :

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.4.1.2