PARAGRAPH

• A paragraph is a series of sentences that are

organized and coherent and are all related to a
single topic.
• Group of sentences that deals with one particular
idea.
 PARTS OF THE PARAGRAPH

The introduction
• The first section of the paragraph, it should include the
topic sentence and any other sentences at the
beginning of the paragraph that give background
information or provide a transition.
• Aims to hook the reader/ catch the reader’s attention
The body
• The body follows the introduction, discusses the
controlling idea, using facts, arguments, analysis,
examples, or other information.
The conclusion
• The final section; summarizes the connections
between the information discussed in the body of the
paragraph and leaves the reader with important
points to remember.
 PARAGRAPH ORGANIZATION

•It is refers to the way sentences are

ordered and structured to create a
unified and cohesive body of text.
•The first line of the paragraph is usually
indented. This indentation of the paragraph
indicates where the paragraph begins
•Remember that you must capitalize the first
word in each sentence and end each
sentence with a punctuation mark, most often
a period.
PROPERTIES OF A WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT
 Unity
1. Unity- is achieved when a composition
contains one focused idea. In a unified text,
all the supporting ideas are relevant to the
main thought. Without unity the text will be
confusing.
 Organization
2. Organization- organization in writing
is how the ideas are presented
•Organization is achieved when ideas
are logically and accurately arranged.
 WAYS OF ORDERING IDEAS:

1.Chronological order- paragraphs that

explain processes and these that relate
incidents are almost arranged in
chronological order.
2. Spatial order- writing about objects in order of
where they are located.
• When writing a description of how it looks, or how to
go somewhere you need to use space order
• For example, you can describe something from the top
to the bottom, to the nearest to the farthest point or
from the right to the left side.
3. Emphatic order/order of importance-
from most important to least important or
vice versa
 Coherence and cohesion

3. Coherence and cohesion- refers to the

connection of ideas and connection between
sentence and paragraphs
•Coherence is achieved when ideas flow
smoothly within and between paragraphs.
Your paragraph can become more
coherent through the use of logical and
signal devices.
 TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE COHESION

•Repetition ( repetitions of main ideas keep

continuity and highlight important ideas)
Example: The writer is not only the best
writer that I have ever met. He is also the best
man I have ever known in my whole career as a
writer myself.
•Synonymy/synonyms ( these are words
similar in meaning to important words or
phrases that prevent repetition)
•Pronouns (words that connect readers to the
original word that that the pronouns replace)
Example: I tried to buy a copy of the
writer’s anthology, but they were all sold.
•Transition words – (words or phrases that
connect one idea to another)
 Language use
3. Language use- refers to the
acceptable style of language for a
particular form of text
 Proper mechanics
4. Proper mechanics- refers to the
conventions of writing which includes
capitalizations, punctuations, spelling,
numerals, abbreviations, and acronyms.